Susceptibility of Four Species of Small Rodents to Encephalomyocarditis (EMC) Virus Infection

Matsuzaki, H.; Doi, Kunio; Doi, Chiyo; Onodera, Takashi; Mitsuoka, Tomotari

doi:10.1538/expanim1978.38.4_357

Cited by 18 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…The brain, heart and pancreas are usually involved (Matsuzaki et al 1989a). Recently it was found in our laboratory that the testis was highly affected by EMC virus in Syrian hamsters , Sugawara et al 1991.…”

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Encephalomyocarditis (EMC) virus-induced testicular lesion in BALB/c mice

et al. 1994

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SummaryCharacteristics of encephalomyocarditis (EMC/ virus-induced testicular lesions were investigated in 4-and 8-week-old BALB/c male mice after intraperitoneal [i.p.) and intratesticular (left) (i.t.) inoculation of the 0 variant of EMC virus (EMC-D). Apart from variation in severity and incidence, the histopathological nature of the resultant testicular lesion was similar in all infected mice, and was characterized by degeneration and necrosis of germinal cells and spermatogonia with inflammatory infiltration. Almost all the inoculated left testes of the i. t. group developed marked lesions. In general, the virus titre in the testis and incidence of testicular lesions were higher in 4-week-old mice than in 8-week-old mice. In addition, testicular lesions developed earlier and with a higher incidence in the PBS-inoculated right testis of the i.t. group than in either testis of the i.p. group of the same age.

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confidence: 98%

Encephalomyocarditis (EMC) virus-induced testicular lesion in BALB/c mice

et al. 1994

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“…Matsuzaki et al [9] reported that EMC-D replicated first in the pancreas and then spread to the other organs. Furthermore, Craighead et al [4] reported that phagocytosis of viral particles by macrophages led to picornavirus-induced immunity.…”

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The Role of CD4+ T Cells in Biphasic Hind Limb Paralysis Induced by the D Variant of Encephalomyocarditis Virus (EMC-D) in DBA/2 Mice

et al. 2004

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DBA/2 CrSlc mice infected with the D variant of encephalomyocarditis virus (EMC-D) (10 PFU/head) developed biphasic hind limb paralysis due to spinal cord lesion. The early phase lesion was characterized by demyelination with infiltration of macrophages in the funiculus lateraris and the late phase lesion by degeneration of motor neurons with infiltration of CD4 + T cells in the cornu ventrale (Takeda et al., Int. J. Exp. Pathol., 1993, 1995. In the present study, treatment with anti-Mac1 monoclonal antibody (MAb) or anti-CD4 MAb prior to virus infection (-3 to -1 days) reduced the early phase lesion and the incidence of the first paralysis. Signals of viral RNAs were observed only in a few oligodendrocytes in the funiculus lateraris. Treatment with anti-CD4 MAb from 31 to 33 days post infection when mice showed recovery from the first paralysis reduced the late phase lesion and prevented the second paralysis. Signals of viral RNAs were still detected in a few degenerated neurons in the cornu ventrale. These results indicate that while macrophages and CD4 + T cells participate in the early phase lesion and paralysis and only CD4 + T cells in the late phase lesion and paralysis. Key words: CD4 + T cells, EMC-D, mouse spinal cord lesion degree of lesion is most prominent in the lumbar spinal cord. The lesion in the early phase is characterized by demyelination associated with infiltration of macrophages in the funiculus lateraris and that in the late phase by degeneration of motor neurons associated with infiltration of CD4 + T cells in the cornu ventrale. The virus titer of the spinal cord peaked at 7 DPI, decreased thereafter, and could no longer be detected even in paralysed mice at 28 DPI. We clarified using an in situ (Received 14 April 2003 / Accepted 6 August 2003 Address corresponding: K. Doi, Department of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Japan We first reported that DBA/2 CrSlc mice inoculated with a low dose of the D variant of encephalomyocarditis virus (EMC-D) (10 PFU/head) developed biphasic hind limb paralysis [14]. Briefly, about 60% of the infected mice developed hind limb paralysis by 12 days post infection (DPI), twothirds of them showed recovery by 33 DPI, and 30% of the mice which had shown recovery developed paralysis again by 56 DPI. The character of this disease is biphasic spinal cord lesions. The

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“…They were sacrificed 3 DPI, and served as controls. Virus titration by plaque assay on L-929 cell cultures was done on the fetuses, placentas and dams' sera according to the method of Matsuzaki et al [26].…”

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The Susceptibility of Pregnant Mice to Encephalomyocarditis (EMC) Virus Infection on Different Days of Gestation.

Nakayama

Katayama

et al. 2004

Exp. Anim.

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Pregnant mice of the BALB/c CrSlc strain were experimentally infected with the D variant of encephalomyocarditis virus (EMC-D, 5 × 10 2 PFU/head) on three different gestational days (GD). Mice were intraperitoneally inoculated with EMC-D on 11, 13 and 15 GD and sacrificed 3 days post inoculation. There was no significant difference in the fetal mortality among all inoculation groups. Placenta showed higher virus titer than fetus and dam's serum in all inoculation groups, and the virus titer of the fetus was lowest in the 15GD group. Histopathological changes and signals of viral RNAs detected by in situ hybridization were observed almost restricted to the spongiotrophoblast layer of the placenta in all inoculation groups, and the signals were strongest in the 11GD group. In the fetus of the11GD group, signals of viral RNAs were also seen in myocardium and hepatocytes. Ultrastructurally, intracytoplasmic aggregations of virus-like particles in crystalline array were observed in trophoblast cells and giant cells in the spongiotrophoblast layer in all inoculation groups.

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Susceptibility of Four Species of Small Rodents to Encephalomyocarditis (EMC) Virus Infection

Cited by 18 publications

References 2 publications

Encephalomyocarditis (EMC) virus-induced testicular lesion in BALB/c mice

Encephalomyocarditis (EMC) virus-induced testicular lesion in BALB/c mice

The Role of CD4+ T Cells in Biphasic Hind Limb Paralysis Induced by the D Variant of Encephalomyocarditis Virus (EMC-D) in DBA/2 Mice

The Susceptibility of Pregnant Mice to Encephalomyocarditis (EMC) Virus Infection on Different Days of Gestation.

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