Susceptibility of Impact Damage to Whole Apples Packaged Inside Molded Fiber and Expanded Polystyrene Trays

Dunno, Kyle; Stoeckley, Isabel; Hofmeister, Matthew

doi:10.3390/foods10091980

Cited by 10 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…In this case, it increases the possibility of damage to the fruit. Ahmadi et al (2010); Zarifneshat et al (2010); Crisosto (1994); Shafie et al (2017); Dunno et al (2021); Aboud (2006); Pathare and Al‐Dairi (2021) determined in their study that an increase in the impact energy level causes an increase in the number of bruises.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…It was found that foam-mesh materials significantly reduced the vibration intensity during transportation and provided a more pronounced protective effect than paper-wrapped packages. Dunno et al (2021) investigated the susceptibility of "Minneiska" (SweeTango ® ) apples packed in Molded Fiber (MF) and Expanded Polystyrene Trays (EPS) to impact bruises. In order to evaluate the protective structure of the selected trays, the free-fall method was applied to the packaged product systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Determination of bruise preventing capacity of the cushioning material in persimmon fruit under pendulum impact test

Cevher

2022

J Food Process Engineering

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Fruits, essential in human nutrition, go through many stages until they reach the consumption stage. Brıise may occur on the fruit during loading, unloading, and processing. One of the options applied to prevent bruises to fruits throughout the supply chain is to package cushioning materials. This study investigated the number of bruises caused by applying impact energies to the covered and uncoated (bare) persimmon fruits with foam net material. Impact energy applications were carried out with the developed pendulum impact test setup. Dynamic loadings at different impact energy levels, low (0.03 J), medium (0.06 J), and high energy (0.11 J) were applied to three other regions of persimmon fruits (blossom side, lateral diameter, and stem side). Statistical analysis showed that the effect of impact energy on bruise volume was significant (p < 0.01). The study found a linear relationship between bruising volume on persimmons and impact energy. According to the experiment results, it was determined that the bruise volume values of persimmons with foam net used as cushioning material were significantly less than the bare persimmons. As a result of the applied impact energies, it was determined that the average bruise volume of the persimmons was 225.74 mm 3 in the bare ones and 21.29 mm 3 in the ones covered with foam net. It was also revealed that the blossom side of the persimmon was the most sensitive to impact energy, and the lateral diameter side was the most durable. Practical ApplicationsMechanical bruises to fruits and vegetables during post-harvest processing can be significant. Bruise-sensitive fruits such as persimmon increase the size of bruises due to falling from height during filling and unloading. Understanding where and how large the bruising effects caused by impact energies are can help reduce fruit bruises.Packaging practices, which are ways to prevent fruit bruising, play an important role in prolonging the shelf life of the fruit and reducing the risk of physical bruising. In the study, the effect of the cushioning material on the prevention of the size of bruises caused by the impact energy effect on the persimmon fruit was investigated.It is aimed to compare the bruise amount of foam-coated and non-foam-coated persimmon fruits by considering the fruit regions in the applications performed with the pendulum test setup.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of bruise preventing capacity of the cushioning material in persimmon fruit under pendulum impact test

Cevher

2022

J Food Process Engineering

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“…Scientists believe that up to 35% of bruises occur during harvesting and transportation [23]. In order to minimize post-harvest losses, proper management, transportation, and storage techniques are needed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Examination of Lemon Bruising Using Different CNN-Based Classifiers and Local Spectral-Spatial Hyperspectral Imaging

et al. 2023

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The presence of bruises on fruits often indicates cell damage, which can lead to a decrease in the ability of the peel to keep oxygen away from the fruits, and as a result, oxygen breaks down cell walls and membranes damaging fruit content. When chemicals in the fruit are oxidized by enzymes such as polyphenol oxidase, the chemical reaction produces an undesirable and apparent brown color effect, among others. Early detection of bruising prevents low-quality fruit from entering the consumer market. Hereupon, the present paper aims at early identification of bruised lemon fruits using 3D-convolutional neural networks (3D-CNN) via a local spectral-spatial hyperspectral imaging technique, which takes into account adjacent image pixel information in both the frequency (wavelength) and spatial domains of a 3D-tensor hyperspectral image of input lemon fruits. A total of 70 sound lemons were picked up from orchards. First, all fruits were labeled and the hyperspectral images (wavelength range 400–1100 nm) were captured as belonging to the healthy (unbruised) class (class label 0). Next, bruising was applied to each lemon by freefall. Then, the hyperspectral images of all bruised samples were captured in a time gap of 8 (class label 1) and 16 h (class label 2) after bruising was induced, thus resulting in a 3-class ternary classification problem. Four well-known 3D-CNN model namely ResNet, ShuffleNet, DenseNet, and MobileNet were used to classify bruised lemons in Python. Results revealed that the highest classification accuracy (90.47%) was obtained by the ResNet model, followed by DenseNet (85.71%), ShuffleNet (80.95%) and MobileNet (73.80%); all over the test set. ResNet model had larger parameter sizes, but it was proven to be trained faster than other models with fewer number of free parameters. ShuffleNet and MobileNet were easier to train and they needed less storage, but they could not achieve a classification error as low as the other two counterparts.

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Impact of Packaging on Bruise Damage of Fresh Produce

Fadiji,

Kaseke,

Lufu

et al. 2023

Mechanical Damage in Fresh Horticultural Produce

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Susceptibility of Impact Damage to Whole Apples Packaged Inside Molded Fiber and Expanded Polystyrene Trays

Cited by 10 publications

References 32 publications

Determination of bruise preventing capacity of the cushioning material in persimmon fruit under pendulum impact test

Determination of bruise preventing capacity of the cushioning material in persimmon fruit under pendulum impact test

Examination of Lemon Bruising Using Different CNN-Based Classifiers and Local Spectral-Spatial Hyperspectral Imaging

Impact of Packaging on Bruise Damage of Fresh Produce

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