Susceptibility of olive fruit fly, Bactrocera oleae (Diptera: Tephritidae) pupae to entomopathogenic nematodes

Torrini, Giulia; Mazza, Giuseppe; Benvenuti, Claudia; Roversi, Pio Federico

doi:10.1515/jppr-2017-0030

Cited by 21 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Although insecticides have been efficient and cost-effective, this pest has developed resistance to the most commonly used active substances [20,22,[27][28][29]. Entomopathogenic nematodes are also effective and safe control agents against larvae and pupae in laboratory experiments [30,31], although nematode efficacy in field conditions is still a challenge. In the Mediterranean area, biological control is mainly achieved by chalcidoidea ectoparasitoids Eupelmus urozonus Dalman (Eupelmidae), Pnigalio mediterraneus Ferriere and Delucchi (Eulophidae), Eurytoma martellii Domenichini (Eurytomidae) and Cyrtoptyx latipes Rondani (Pteromalidae), and the ichneumonoidea endoparasitoid Psyttalia concolor Szépligeti (Braconidae) [32,33].…”

Section: Bactrocera Oleae-psyttalia Concolor: Compatibility Between Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

Side Effects of Pesticides on the Olive Fruit Fly Parasitoid Psyttalia concolor (Szépligeti): A Review

et al. 2020

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Pesticide applications in olive orchards could alter the biological control of parasitoid Psyttalia concolor Szépligeti (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) on the key pest Bactrocera oleae Rossi (Diptera: Tephritidae). Psyttalia concolor adults can be contaminated by exposure to spray droplets, contact with treated surfaces or oral uptake from contaminated food sources. Pesticides impact both pest and parasitoid populations when they coexist in time and space, as they reduce pest numbers available for parasitoids and might cause toxic effects to parasitoids from which they need to recover. Therefore, the appropriate timing and application of selective chemical treatments provides the opportunity to incorporate this parasitoid in the IPM of B. oleae. This manuscript reviews the current literature on lethal and sublethal effects of insecticides, fungicides, herbicides, and biopesticides on P. concolor. Insecticides were generally more toxic, particularly organophosphates and pyrethroids, while herbicides and biopesticides had less effects on mortality and reproductive parameters. Some fungicides were quite harmful. Most of the studies were conducted in laboratory conditions, focused on reproduction as the only sublethal effect, exclusively considered the effect of a single pesticide and persistence was hardly explored. Field studies, currently quite scarce, are absolutely needed to satisfactorily assess the impact of pesticides on P. concolor.

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Section: Bactrocera Oleae-psyttalia Concolor: Compatibility Between Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

Side Effects of Pesticides on the Olive Fruit Fly Parasitoid Psyttalia concolor (Szépligeti): A Review

et al. 2020

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“…They caused 62.5 and 40.6% mortality, respectively, in the treated pupae. S.carpocapsae caused 21.9% mortality in emerged adult flies [30] .…”

Section: The Olive Fruit Fly Bactrocera Oleae (Rossi)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Susceptibility of Economic Dipteran Fruit Flies to Entomopathogenic Nematodes

Abbas

2020

j. of zool. res.

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The present review article demonstrates laboratory and field evaluations of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) against different developmental stages of fruit flies. The virulence of the EPNs differed clearly even on the same insect species and / or by the same nematode species. Such differences might be attributed to some reasons such as the method of treatment as well as the concentrations of the tested nematodes. Fruit flies are among the most important insect pests infesting vegetables and fruits causing considerable losses in the yields worldwide. In laboratory studies, the tested nematodes proved to be highly virulent to larvae as percentage of mortality may reach 100 %. As for treated pupae, at different ages, the results are variable and controversially; some studies revealed their moderate or high susceptibility to nematode infection and others indicated low susceptibility or resistance to infection .Treated adults, or those emerged from treated larvae or pupae, are also susceptible to infection. In semi-field and field trials, EPNs proved to be successful for reducing the populations of some fruit flies with up to 85 % at concentrations not less than 100 infective juveniles (IJs) / cm2 of soil. However, the field applications of commercial EPNs have been recommended to be 2.5 – 5 x 109 IJs / ha (25-50 IJs/cm2 of soil).

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“…Two entomopathogenic nematodes species commonly used against the RPW in lab, semifield and field conditions (Mazza et al, 2014;Yasin et al, 2017) These strains have never been tested against RPW and were selected for their peculiar characteristics (such as thermal tolerance, foraging strategies and habitat specialization, Griffin, 2012), making them promising control agents also for other invasive insect pests (Torrini et al, 2014(Torrini et al, , 2016(Torrini et al, , 2017Paoli et al, 2017;Marianelli et al, 2018). Nematode strains were reared at 24°C using greater wax moth Galleria mellonella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) larvae as host and the infective juveniles (IJs) that emerged from the bodies of dead hosts were recovered using modified White traps (Kaya & Stock, 1997).…”

Section: Epns Pathogenicity Assaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing immunocompetence in red palm weevil adult and immature stages in response to bacterial challenge and entomopathogenic nematode infection

et al. 2019

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Parasites and pathogens can follow different patterns of infection depending on the host developmental stage or sex. In fact, immune function is energetically costly for hosts and trade‐offs exist between immune defenses and life history traits as growth, development and reproduction and organisms should thus optimize immune defense through their life cycle according to their developmental stage. Identifying the most susceptible target and the most virulent pathogen is particularly important in the case of insect pests, in order to develop effective control strategies targeting the most vulnerable individuals with the most effective control agent. Here, we carried out laboratory tests to identify the most susceptible target of infection by infecting different stages of the red palm weevil Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (larvae, pupae, male, and female adults) with both a generic pathogen, antibiotic‐resistant Gram‐negative bacteria Escherichia coli XL1‐Blue, and two specific strains of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs), Steinernema carpocapsae ItS‐CAO1 and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora ItH‐LU1. By evaluating bacterial clearance, host mortality and parasite progeny release, we demonstrate that larvae are more resistant than adults to bacterial challenge and they release less EPNs progeny after infection despite a higher mortality compared to adults. Considering the two EPN strains, S. carpocapsae was more virulent than H. bacteriophora both in terms of host mortality and more abundant progeny released by hosts after death. The outcomes attained with unspecific and specific pathogens provide useful information for a more efficient and sustainable management of this invasive pest.

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Susceptibility of olive fruit fly, Bactrocera oleae (Diptera: Tephritidae) pupae to entomopathogenic nematodes

Cited by 21 publications

References 14 publications

Side Effects of Pesticides on the Olive Fruit Fly Parasitoid Psyttalia concolor (Szépligeti): A Review

Side Effects of Pesticides on the Olive Fruit Fly Parasitoid Psyttalia concolor (Szépligeti): A Review

Susceptibility of Economic Dipteran Fruit Flies to Entomopathogenic Nematodes

Assessing immunocompetence in red palm weevil adult and immature stages in response to bacterial challenge and entomopathogenic nematode infection

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