Susceptibility of the peachtree borer, Synanthedon exitiosa, to Steinernema carpocapsae and Steinernema riobrave in laboratory and field trials

Field suppression of the peachtree borer, Synanthedon exitiosa, using Steinernema carpocapsae: Effects of irrigation, a sprayable gel and application method

“…However, to control for potential differences in commercial nematode products, an additional trunk sprayer treatment was made with nematodes obtained from E-Nema. The watering can treatment used nematodes that were produced in vivo in the Shapiro-Ilan laboratory (Shapiro-Ilan et al, 2002; this treatment was considered a positive control given that we had already demonstrated S. carpocapsae (All) produced in this manner and applied manually would suppress S. exitiosa damage (Cottrell and Shapiro-Ilan, 2006;Shapiro-Ilan et al, 2009). Application of chlorpyrifos (at the standard rate as indicated above) was also included as a positive control, and a non-treated (negative) control was also included.…”

“…Due to environmental and regulatory concerns, research toward developing alternative pest control measures is warranted. Entomopathogenic nematodes have potential as biocontrol alternatives for S. exitiosa suppression (Cossentine et al, 1990;Cottrell and Shapiro-Ilan, 2006;Shapiro-Ilan et al, 2007, 2009.…”

“…S. carpocapsae (All strain) caused 88% control of S. exitiosa when applied curatively in the spring to an existing infestation (Cottrell and Shapiro-Ilan, 2006), and when nematodes were applied prophylactically in the fall to prevent or limit damage, infestations were reduced by 77-100% (Shapiro-Ilan et al, 2009). In both studies (Cottrell and Shapiro-Ilan, 2006 and (Shapiro-Ilan et al, 2009), applications were made by pouring IJs onto the ground at the base of the tree and then covering the application site with a thin layer of soil to protect the nematode from UV radiation and desiccation; each tree was subsequently watered individually for two weeks post-application. This manual approach may be compatible for small or backyard growers, but is not practical for larger commercial growers.…”

Biological Control of Tobacco Cutworm, Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) by Steinernematid and Heterorhabditid Entomopathogenic Nematodes

“…곤충병 원성선충은 동일 기주라도 선충의 종이나 계통에 따라 병원성이 상이하고, 동일 선충이라도 대상해충에 따라 병원성이 다르게 나타난다 (de Doucet et al, 1999;Ebssa et al, 2004;Rosa and Simốes, 2004). 또한 생물적 방제인 자들의 병원성은 실내조건과 야외조건의 차이가 있고, 처리방법별에 따라서도 병원성에 차이가 있다 (Mannion and Jansson, 1993;Williams et al, 2002;Cottrell and Shapiro-Ilan, 2006 …”

Microbial Control of Insect Pests in Temperate Orchard Systems: Potential for Incorporation into IPM

“…S. riobrave was not effective. The high levels of efficacy such as those observed with S. carpocapsae, coupled with relatively low rates of application (less than 100 million IJs per ha; 34), suggest that incorporation of S. exitiosa control with EPNs into an IPM program could be feasible.…”