Susceptibility testing of Dientamoeba fragilis ATCC 30948 with iodoquinol, paromomycin, tetracycline, and metronidazole

Chan, Frank; Guan, Ming; Mackenzie, A. M. R.; Díaz‐Mitoma, Francisco

doi:10.1128/aac.38.5.1157

Cited by 30 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…These are systems in which the parasite is grown in the presence of the bacterial flora derived from a patient's stool. Attempts to grow D. fragilis in axenic culture systems have all failed (92,93), including attempts by our group, which has so far failed to axenize D. fragilis cultures despite extensive efforts over several years. The unavailability of an axenic culture system has contributed to the slow progress of D. fragilis research.…”

Section: Culturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Susceptibility testing of D. fragilis ATCC 30948 was performed with modern drug options, including iodoquinol, paromomycin, tetracycline, and metronidazole, in a dixenic culture system (93). The MICs were as follows: 128 g/ml for iodoquinol, 16 g/ml for paromomycin, 32 g/ml for tetracycline, and 32 g/ml for metronidazole.…”

Section: In Vitro Susceptibility Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dientamoeba fragilis, the Neglected Trichomonad of the Human Bowel

et al. 2016

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SUMMARYDientamoeba fragilisis a protozoan parasite of the human bowel, commonly reported throughout the world in association with gastrointestinal symptoms. Despite its initial discovery over 100 years ago, arguably, we know less about this peculiar organism than any other pathogenic or potentially pathogenic protozoan that infects humans. The details of its life cycle and mode of transmission are not completely known, and its potential as a human pathogen is debated within the scientific community. Recently, several major advances have been made with respect to this organism's life cycle and molecular biology. While many questions remain unanswered, these and other recent advances have given rise to some intriguing new leads, which will pave the way for future research. This review encompasses a large body of knowledge generated on various aspects ofD. fragilisover the last century, together with an update on the most recent developments. This includes an update on the latest diagnostic techniques and treatments, the clinical aspects of dientamoebiasis, the development of an animal model, the description of aD. fragiliscyst stage, and the sequencing of the firstD. fragilistranscriptome.

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Section: Culturementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: In Vitro Susceptibility Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dientamoeba fragilis, the Neglected Trichomonad of the Human Bowel

et al. 2016

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“…The argument, however, can be made that if bacteria are necessary for the survival of D. fragilis, testing should be done under conditions which most closely mirror those conditions. It has also been difficult to interpret minimal amebecidal in vitro concentrations of the drugs presently available, since their concentrations in the gastrointestinal tract have not been determined (17).…”

Section: Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Using crude xenic cultures transplanted into a medium containing Clostridium perfringens with penicillin, streptomycin, and sulfadiazine, he was able to produce a monoxenic culture of D. fragilis. However, all attempts to produce an axenic culture (without other organisms) of D. fragilis have failed to date (17,18,21).…”

Section: Historical Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Emerging from Obscurity: Biological, Clinical, and Diagnostic Aspects of Dientamoeba fragilis

2004

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Ever since its first description in 1918, Dientamoeba fragilis has struggled to gain recognition as a significant pathogen. There is little justification for this neglect, however, since there exists a growing body of case reports from numerous countries around the world that have linked this protozoal parasite to clinical manifestations such as diarrhea, abdominal pain, flatulence, and anorexia. A number of studies have even incriminated D. fragilis as a cause of irritable bowel syndrome, allergic colitis, and diarrhea in human immunodeficiency virus patients. Although D. fragilis is most commonly identified using permanently stained fecal smears, recent advances in culturing techniques are simplifying as well as improving the ability of investigators to detect this organism. However, there are limitations in the use of cultures since they cannot be performed on fecal samples that have been fixed. Significant progress has been made in the biological classification of this organism, which originally was described as an ameba. Analyses of small-subunit rRNA gene sequences have clearly demonstrated its close relationship to Histomonas, and it is now known to be a trichomonad. How the organism is transmitted remains a mystery, although there is some evidence that D. fragilis might be transmitted via the ova of the pinworm, Enterobius vermicularis. Also, it remains to be answered whether the two distinct genotypes of D. fragilis recently identified represent organisms with differing virulence

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Dientamoeba fragilis Masquerading as Allergic Colitis

Cuffari,

Oligny,

Seidman

1998

J. pediatr. gastroenterol. nutr.

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Background:Dientamoeba fragilis is a rare cause of chronic infectious diarrhea and colitis in children.Methods:Review of the clinical manifestations, diagnostic methods, and clinical course of D. fragilis infection in our hospital.Results:Eleven pediatric patients are discussed, seven of whom had a history of recent travel. Clinical manifestations of infectious diarrhea included anorexia, intermittent vomiting, abdominal pain, and diarrhea, ranging from 1 to 100 weeks in duration. Peripheral eosinophilia was present in seven patients. One patient with well‐documented bovine protein allergy had intermittent episodes of diarrhea and abdominal pain, despite an appropriate elimination diet. Eosinophilic colitis documented by colonoscopy, was due toD. fragilis. Metronidazole was effective in treating five patients, and iodoquinol was effective in treating four others.Conclusions:D. fragilis should be included in the differential diagnosis of chronic diarrhea and eosinophilic colitis. The identification of this pathogen requires clinical awareness of epidemiologic risk factors and presenting complaints, as well as the laboratory staining procedures essential to its proper identification.

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Susceptibility testing of Dientamoeba fragilis ATCC 30948 with iodoquinol, paromomycin, tetracycline, and metronidazole

Cited by 30 publications

References 20 publications

Dientamoeba fragilis, the Neglected Trichomonad of the Human Bowel

Dientamoeba fragilis, the Neglected Trichomonad of the Human Bowel

Emerging from Obscurity: Biological, Clinical, and Diagnostic Aspects of Dientamoeba fragilis

Dientamoeba fragilis Masquerading as Allergic Colitis

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