Susceptibility to a multisensory speech illusion in older persons is driven by perceptual processes

Setti, Annalisa; Burke, Kate; Kenny, Rose Anne; Newell, Fiona N.

doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00575

Cited by 43 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Both the elderly and MCI groups in fact displayed numerically greater visual bias that was characterized by a greater proportion of purely visual responses compared to the young group, suggesting the presence of a greater influence of discrepant visual information in the two older groups. These findings are not surprising given the greater reliance of older adults on supportive context when listening to speech [67], and are consistent with previous studies indicating an enhanced McGurk effect [68,69] that may be associated with a greater reliance on visual speech information in healthy elderly. Adults with age-related deterioration in the auditory system will have familiarity with using other contextual cues (including lip-reading) to help disambiguate auditory speech information.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Dissociable Effects of Aging and Mild Cognitive Impairment on Bottom-Up Audiovisual Integration

Festa

Katz

Ott

et al. 2017

JAD

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Abstract. Effective audiovisual sensory integration involves dynamic changes in functional connectivity between superior temporal sulcus and primary sensory areas. This study examined whether disrupted connectivity in early Alzheimer's disease (AD) produces impaired audiovisual integration under conditions requiring greater corticocortical interactions. Audiovisual speech integration was examined in healthy young adult controls (YC), healthy elderly controls (EC), and patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI) using McGurk-type stimuli (providing either congruent or incongruent audiovisual speech information) under conditions differing in the strength of bottom-up support and the degree of top-down lexical asymmetry. All groups accurately identified auditory speech under congruent audiovisual conditions, and displayed high levels of visual bias under strong bottom-up incongruent conditions. Under weak bottom-up incongruent conditions, however, EC and amnestic MCI groups displayed opposite patterns of performance, with enhanced visual bias in the EC group and reduced visual bias in the MCI group relative to the YC group. Moreover, there was no overlap between the EC and MCI groups in individual visual bias scores reflecting the change in audiovisual integration from the strong to the weak stimulus conditions. Top-down lexicality influences on visual biasing were observed only in the MCI patients under weaker bottom-up conditions. Results support a deficit in bottom-up audiovisual integration in early AD attributable to disruptions in corticocortical connectivity. Given that this deficit is not simply an exacerbation of changes associated with healthy aging, tests of audiovisual speech integration may serve as sensitive and specific markers of the earliest cognitive change associated with AD.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Dissociable Effects of Aging and Mild Cognitive Impairment on Bottom-Up Audiovisual Integration

Festa

Katz

Ott

et al. 2017

JAD

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“…Importantly, this study also showed that this effect was driven by a change in sensitivity (d’) as opposed to response bias, which can also change in aging [70]. Similar results have been shown with the McGurk Effect, where age-related changes in the reported percept are accounted for by changes in perception specifically, as opposed to a more cognitively mediated response bias [71]. …”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 73%

Shifts in Audiovisual Processing in Healthy Aging

Baum

Stevenson

2017

Curr Behav Neurosci Rep

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Purpose of Review The integration of information across sensory modalities into unified percepts is a fundamental sensory process upon which a multitude of cognitive processes are based. We review the body of literature exploring aging-related changes in audiovisual integration published over the last five years. Specifically, we review the impact of changes in temporal processing, the influence of the effectiveness of sensory inputs, the role of working memory, and the newer studies of intra-individual variability during these processes. Recent Findings Work in the last five years on bottom-up influences of sensory perception has garnered significant attention. Temporal processing, a driving factors of multisensory integration, has now been shown to decouple with multisensory integration in aging, despite their co-decline with aging. The impact of stimulus effectiveness also changes with age, where older adults show maximal benefit from multisensory gain at high signal-to-noise ratios. Following sensory decline, high working memory capacities have now been shown to be somewhat of a protective factor against age-related declines in audiovisual speech perception, particularly in noise. Finally, newer research is emerging focusing on the general intra-individual variability observed with aging. Summary Overall, the studies of the past five years have replicated and expanded on previous work that highlights the role of bottom-up sensory changes with aging and their influence on audiovisual integration, as well as the top-down influence of working memory.

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“…These find ings are in contrast to what would be predicted by the principle of inverse effectiveness (Meredith and Stein, 1983) whereby multisensory enhancement is more pronounced when individual sensory inputs are less effective. More over, it has been shown that for some tasks, performance of older adults is more affected by the presence of distracting or irrelevant cross-modal infor mation relative to that of younger adults (Andres et al, 2006;Poliakoff et al, 2006;Setti et al, 2013). For example, Poliakoff et al (2006) found that older adults' ability to judge the location of a vibrotactile stimulus was more nega tively affected by the presence of a visual distractor compared to young adults.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Task-Specific, Age Related Effects in the Cross-Modal Identification and Localisation of Objects

Barrett

Newell

2015

Multisens Res

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We investigated age-related effects in cross-modal interactions using tasks assessing spatial perception and object perception. Specifically, an audio-visual object identification task and an audio-visual object localisation task were used to assess putatively distinct perceptual functions in four age groups: children (8-11 years), adolescents (12-14 years), young and older adults. Participants were required to either identify or locate target objects. Targets were specified as unisensory (visual/auditory) or multisensory (audio-visual congruent/audio-visual incongruent) stimuli. We found age-related effects in performance across both tasks. Both children and older adults were less accurate at locating objects than adolescents or young adults. Children were also less accurate at identifying objects relative to young adults, but the performance between young adults, adolescents and older adults did not differ. A greater cost in accuracy for audio-visual incongruent relative to audio-visual congruent targets was found for older adults, children and adolescents relative to young adults. However, we failed to find a benefit in performance for any age group in either the identification or localisation task for audio-visual congruent targets relative to visual-only targets. Our findings suggest that visual information dominated when identifying or localising audio-visual stimuli. Furthermore, on the basis of our results, object identification and object localisation abilities seem to mature late in development and that spatial abilities may be more prone to decline as we age relative to object identification abilities. In addition, the results suggest that multisensory facilitation may require more sensitive measures to reveal differences in cross-modal interactions across higher-level perceptual tasks.

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Susceptibility to a multisensory speech illusion in older persons is driven by perceptual processes

Cited by 43 publications

References 52 publications

Dissociable Effects of Aging and Mild Cognitive Impairment on Bottom-Up Audiovisual Integration

Dissociable Effects of Aging and Mild Cognitive Impairment on Bottom-Up Audiovisual Integration

Shifts in Audiovisual Processing in Healthy Aging

Task-Specific, Age Related Effects in the Cross-Modal Identification and Localisation of Objects

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