Susceptibility weighted imaging depicts retinal hemorrhages in abusive head trauma

Zuccoli, Giulio; Panigrahy, Ashok; Haldipur, Anshul; Willaman, Dennis; Squires, Janet E.; Wolford, Jennifer; Sylvester, Christin; Mitchell, Ellen; Lope, Lee Ann; Nischal, Ken K.; Berger, Rachel P.

doi:10.1007/s00234-013-1180-7

Cited by 49 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…A key application of SWI is aiding the diagnosis of diseases involving cerebral vascular pathology. These changes include, for example, vascular malformations (e.g., arteriovenous malformations and cerebral cavernous malformations), restrictions in blood flow (e.g., developmental venous anomaly) and hemorrhages (caused by e.g., cerebral amyloid angiopathy, stroke, and traumatic injuries) (1,3,(75)(76)(77)(78)(79)(80)(81)(82)(83)(84)(85)(86)(87)(88)(89). In these cases, a common source of contrast is oxygenation-related susceptibility changes occurring in blood products (3).…”

Section: Swi Of Cerebral Vascular Pathologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Susceptibility-weighted imaging and quantitative susceptibility mapping in the brain

Liu

Wei

Tong

et al. 2014

J. Magn. Reson. Imaging

456

422

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Susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) is a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique that enhances image contrast by using the susceptibility differences between tissues. It is created by combining both magnitude and phase in the gradient echo data. SWI is sensitive to both paramagnetic and diamagnetic substances which generate different phase shift in MRI data. SWI images can be displayed as a minimum intensity projection that provides high resolution delineation of the cerebral venous architecture, a feature that is not available in other MRI techniques. As such, SWI has been widely applied to diagnose various venous abnormalities. SWI is especially sensitive to deoxygenated blood and intracranial mineral deposition and, for that reason, has been applied to image various pathologies including intracranial hemorrhage, traumatic brain injury, stroke, neoplasm, and multiple sclerosis. SWI, however, does not provide quantitative measures of magnetic susceptibility. This limitation is currently being addressed with the development of quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) and susceptibility tensor imaging (STI). While QSM treats susceptibility as isotropic, STI treats susceptibility as generally anisotropic characterized by a tensor quantity. This article reviews the basic principles of SWI, its clinical and research applications, the mechanisms governing brain susceptibility properties, and its practical implementation, with a focus on brain imaging.

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Section: Swi Of Cerebral Vascular Pathologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Susceptibility-weighted imaging and quantitative susceptibility mapping in the brain

Liu

Wei

Tong

et al. 2014

J. Magn. Reson. Imaging

456

422

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The investigators reported high interobserver and intraobserver reliability among pediatric ophthalmologists. Zuccoli et al [37] compared susceptibility weighted MRI to the dilated fundoscopic exam, the gold standard, at identifying retinal hemorrhages. The authors reported an MRI sensitivity of 83%, supporting its potential as a diagnostic tool and its utility when a dilated fundoscopic exam is not possible.…”

Section: Mechanism For Retinal Injury and Standardizing Retinal Findingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Update on abusive head trauma

Shaahinfar

Whitelaw²,

Mansour³

2015

Current Opinion in Pediatrics

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“…Routine MRI brain protocols that include GRE sequences can depict retinal hemorrhages, with increased sensitivity for higher-grade hemorrhages (Figs 20, 21) (54). High-resolution susceptibility-weighted imaging of the orbit can further increase MRI sensitivity for detecting retinal hemorrhage and can be useful when the finding cannot be seen clinically (55).…”

Section: Retinal Hemorrhagementioning

confidence: 99%

Pediatric Central Nervous System Imaging of Nonaccidental Trauma: Beyond Subdural Hematomas

et al. 2019

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Infants and children under 2 years of age are at greatest risk for devastating neurologic complications following nonaccidental trauma. While a subdural hematoma (SDH) is the most common finding and is often enough to raise suspicion for abuse, no single injury is pathognomonic for abusive head trauma (AHT). Rather, the combination of imaging and physical findings and the clinical presentation help confirm the diagnosis of AHT. Familiarity with the spectrum of findings and proper identification of the imaging abnormalities is important for the radiologist to facilitate treatment and removal of the patient from the abusive environment. Injury is usually a result of shaking, which includes hyperflexion, hyperextension, and rotational forces, and less commonly impact trauma or a combination of both. Key anatomic features unique to the infant's head, neck, and spine and associated biomechanical forces are responsible for entities such as hypoxic ischemic injury, bridging vein thrombosis, SDH, parenchymal lacerations, and spinal and retinal injuries. Although the association of subpial hemorrhage with AHT has not been investigated, it warrants attention in very young infants who endure accidental or inflicted trauma. A combination of CT of the head and MRI of the brain and cervical spine aids in the accurate diagnosis, appropriate management, and subsequent protection of these patients. ©

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Susceptibility weighted imaging depicts retinal hemorrhages in abusive head trauma

Cited by 49 publications

References 12 publications

Susceptibility-weighted imaging and quantitative susceptibility mapping in the brain

Susceptibility-weighted imaging and quantitative susceptibility mapping in the brain

Update on abusive head trauma

Pediatric Central Nervous System Imaging of Nonaccidental Trauma: Beyond Subdural Hematomas

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