Suspected Sunda clouded leopard (Neofelis diardi) predation attempts on two reintroduced Bornean orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus wurmbii) in Bukit Batikap Protection Forest, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia

Sunderland‐Groves, Jacqueline; Tandang, Maryos Vigouri; Patispathika, Fiet Hayu; Marzec, Anna; Knox, Andrea; Nurcahyo, Anton; Husson, Simon J.; Sihite, Jamartin

doi:10.1007/s10329-020-00842-1

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The diet of clouded leopards did not include primates or muntjac, which did not support our prediction. The lack of primates in our sample of the clouded leopard scats was surprising, given that previous studies assumed that clouded leopards and Sunda clouded leopards were major predators of primates (Matsuda et al, 2008; Morino, 2010; Nowell & Jackson, 1996; Sunderland‐Groves et al, 2021). Although we did not determine primate densities on our study site, four macaque species were present on our study site (Rasphone et al, 2019), and overall macaques were relatively abundant based on the camera‐trap data (Johnson et al, 2006; Rasphone et al, 2019).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

“…Nevertheless, most observations concerning the predatory behavior of clouded leopards and their sister species, the Sunda clouded leopard (Neofelis diardi), seem to suggest that they mainly prey on primates and small ungulates such as muntjac (Muntiacus spp. ; Matsuda et al, 2008;Morino, 2010;Nowell & Jackson, 1996;Sunderland-Groves et al, 2021). In the most detailed description of clouded leopard diets to date, Grassman Jr. et al (2005) found that clouded leopards in Thailand preyed on rodents, Sunda pangolin (Manis javanica), Bengal slow loris (Nycticebus bengalensis), and hog deer (Axis porcinus) based on 4 scats collected from captured clouded leopards and finding 2 presumed kills.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Diet and prey selection of clouded leopards and tigers in Laos

Rasphone

Bousa

Vongkhamheng

et al. 2022

Ecology and Evolution

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In Southeast Asia, conservation of ‘Vulnerable’ clouded leopards (Neofelis nebulosa) and ‘Endangered’ tigers (Panthera tigris) might depend on the management of their preferred prey because large felid populations are limited by the availability of suitable prey. However, the diet of clouded leopards has never been determined, so the preferred prey of this felid remains unknown. The diet of tigers in the region has been studied only from one protected‐area complex in western Thailand, but prey preferences were not determined. To better understand the primary and preferred prey of threatened felids, we used DNA‐confirmed scats and prey surveys to determine the diet and prey selection of clouded leopards and tigers in a hilly evergreen forest in northern Laos. For clouded leopards, the primary prey was wild pig (Sus scrofa; 33% biomass consumed), followed by greater hog badger (Arctonyx collaris; 28%), small rodents (15%), and mainland serow (Capricornis sumatraensis; 13%; hereafter, serow). For tigers, the primary prey was wild pig (44%), followed by serow (18%), sambar (Rusa unicolor; 12%), and Asiatic black bear (Ursus thibetanus; 10%). Compared to availability, serow was positively selected by both clouded leopards (D = 0.69) and tigers (0.61), whereas all other ungulate species were consumed in proportion to the availability or avoided. Our results indicate that clouded leopards are generalist predators with a wide prey spectrum. Nonetheless, mid‐sized ungulates (50–150 kg) comprised nearly half of their diet, and were the preferred prey, supporting a previous hypothesis that the enlarged gape and elongated canines of clouded leopards are adaptations for killing large prey. Because serow was the only ungulate preferred by both felids, we recommend that serow populations be monitored and managed to help conservation efforts for clouded leopards and tigers, at least in hilly evergreen forests of Southeast Asia.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diet and prey selection of clouded leopards and tigers in Laos

Rasphone

Bousa

Vongkhamheng

et al. 2022

Ecology and Evolution

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“…However, a study in 13 protected areas in Thailand showed that clouded leopards are associated with the presence of wild boar and southern red muntjac (Ngoprasert et al, 2012), but the study did not test for the effect of smaller potential prey species. Primates also comprise a portion of the clouded leopard's diet (Nowell & Jackson, 1996; Matsuda et al, 2008; Morino, 2010; Sunderland-Groves et al, 2021) but we could not calculate the primate prey abundance index using the camera-trap data, except for that of the rhesus macaque, which is predominantly terrestrial (Khatiwada et al, 2020). Our findings suggest that conserving galliformes and small mammal species such as rhesus macaques, porcupines, and hares is critical to increasing the viability of clouded leopard populations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Secrets of the clouded leopard: abundance, habitat use and carnivore coexistence in tropical forest of Manas National Park, Assam, India

Bhatt

Lyngdoh

2023

Oryx

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The mainland clouded leopard Neofelis nebulosa is categorized as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List and considered at high risk of extinction in the wild. Despite this, knowledge of its ecology and population status remains limited. We investigated the population density, habitat utilization and spatial and temporal ecology of the clouded leopard in Manas National Park, north-east India. We deployed camera traps across the forested habitats of Manas for 11,388 trap-nights, resulting in images of 12 clouded leopard individuals. The estimated population density was 1.73 individuals per 100 km2 and the relative abundance index was 0.18 per 100 trap-nights. The availability of small prey species and primary forests influenced clouded leopard habitat use significantly, highlighting the potential conservation importance of species such as hares, gallinaceous birds, porcupines and primates. We observed a high degree of temporal overlap (> 0.70), with distinct activity peaks, between clouded leopards and sympatric carnivores. We observed no spatial co-occurrence pattern between clouded leopards and sympatric carnivores. This study contributes to our understanding of the mainland clouded leopard population and its behavioural ecology in Manas National Park.

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“…T he Kalimantan orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus) is one of the Asian great apes whose distribution is limited to Kalimantan and some parts of Malaysia (Sunderland-Groves et al, 2021;Rocque et al, 2022). The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) classified it as Critically Endangered.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nesting Behavior of Kalimantan Orangutan Pongo pygmaeus as a Release Subject at Forest School Sekolah Hutan Tembak Lestari, Sintang, West Kalimantan, Indonesia

Sjahfirdi,

Atsiil Suandhy,

Mitra Setia

2023

AAVS

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This research investigated nesting behavior in Bornean orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus) as a suitable release subject at the Sekolah Hutan Tembak Lestari forest school, Sintang, West Kalimantan, Indonesia. This study aims to evaluate two orangutan release candidates through nest-building skills. These two orangutans were observed daily between 04:30 and 06:30 pm from September to November 2019 using continuous focal animal and all-occurrence sampling methods. Nest-building skills were assessed using the Likert scale. Moni (male orangutan) was always observed to nest using used nests. Meanwhile, Terra (female orangutan) was frequently observed building new nests, although she was caught sleeping on the forest floor several times. During observations, it was found that they prefer nest trees with a circumference of more than 1 m with a reasonably dense canopy refers preferred trees that serve as nesting sites, those are bambang tree (Lithocarpus sp.) with a tree circumference of 3 m and kempilik tree (Quercus sp.) 2.46 m and often reuse or rebuild old nests. Our results showed that both orangutans had moderate predicate nest-building skills, with a percentage of 68.06% for Moni and 63.89% for Terra. Nonparametric Mann-Whitney U statistical tests, (α = 0.05; p = 0.415) showed that the nest-building ability between the two individuals is not significantly different. With nest-building ability not significantly different between the two orangutans with a moderate predicate, the two orangutans can be released together.

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Suspected Sunda clouded leopard (Neofelis diardi) predation attempts on two reintroduced Bornean orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus wurmbii) in Bukit Batikap Protection Forest, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia

Cited by 5 publications

References 31 publications

Diet and prey selection of clouded leopards and tigers in Laos

Diet and prey selection of clouded leopards and tigers in Laos

Secrets of the clouded leopard: abundance, habitat use and carnivore coexistence in tropical forest of Manas National Park, Assam, India

Nesting Behavior of Kalimantan Orangutan Pongo pygmaeus as a Release Subject at Forest School Sekolah Hutan Tembak Lestari, Sintang, West Kalimantan, Indonesia

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