Suspended microfluidics

Casavant, Benjamin P.; Berthier, Erwin; Theberge, Ashleigh B.; Berthier, Jean; Montanez-Sauri, Sara I.; Bischel, Lauren L.; Brakke, Kenneth A.; Hedman, Curtis J.; Bushman, Wade; Keller, Nancy P.; Beebe, David J.

doi:10.1073/pnas.1302566110

Cited by 167 publications

(171 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…15 Capillary flow is also applicable to open microconduits and virtual microchannels with liquid confined between horizontal hydrophilic stripes, 16 or suspended between side walls. 17 Capillary forces are unavoidable at small scales and can significantly affect flow rates even when other active pumping mechanisms are used. 4,18 Capillary phenomena can also be combined with other phenomena, such as electrochemical and electrostatic effects for flow regulation in microchannels.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Capillary microfluidics in microchannels: from microfluidic networks to capillaric circuits

et al. 2018

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Microfluidics offer economy of reagents, rapid liquid delivery, and potential for automation of many reactions, but often require peripheral equipment for flow control. Capillary microfluidics can deliver liquids in a pre-programmed manner without peripheral equipment by exploiting surface tension effects encoded by the geometry and surface chemistry of a microchannel. Here, we review the history and progress of microchannel-based capillary microfluidics spanning over three decades. To both reflect recent experimental and conceptual progress, and distinguish from paper-based capillary microfluidics, we adopt the more recent terminology of capillaric circuits (CCs). We identify three distinct waves of development driven by microfabrication technologies starting with early implementations in industry using machining and lamination, followed by development in the context of micro total analysis systems (μTAS) and lab-on-a-chip devices using cleanroom microfabrication, and finally a third wave that arose with advances in rapid prototyping technologies. We discuss the basic physical laws governing capillary flow, deconstruct CCs into basic circuit elements including capillary pumps, stop valves, trigger valves, retention valves, and so on, and describe their operating principle and limitations. We discuss applications of CCs starting with the most common usage in automating liquid delivery steps for immunoassays, and highlight emerging applications such as DNA analysis. Finally, we highlight recent developments in rapid prototyping of CCs and the benefits offered including speed, low cost, and greater degrees of freedom in CC design. The combination of better analytical models and lower entry barriers (thanks to advances in rapid manufacturing) make CCs both a fertile research area and an increasingly capable technology for user-friendly and high-performance laboratory and diagnostic tests.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Capillary microfluidics in microchannels: from microfluidic networks to capillaric circuits

et al. 2018

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“…While the benefits of open fluidics in general 26,27 and of capillary driven DLD has been demonstrated previously, 28,29 we here show proof of principle of their usefulness for sorting of biologically relevant particles not only based on size but also based on morphology and dielectric properties with relevance for e.g. medical diagnostics and forensics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Open channel deterministic lateral displacement for particle and cell sorting

Tran

Beech

et al. 2017

Lab Chip

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A simple, low-cost and robust approach was developed for sorting complex samples using open-architecture fluidics. The liquid flow was driven by a paper capillary pump that doubles as a reservoir for collection of the sorted fractions.Open channel deterministic lateral displacement for particle and rsc.li/locLab on a Chip We present the use of capillary driven flow over patterned surfaces to achieve cheap and simple, but powerful separation of biologically relevant particle systems. The wide use of microfluidics is often hampered by the propensity for devices to clog due to the small channel sizes and the inability to access the interior of devices for cleaning. Often the devices can only be used for a limited duration and most frequently only once. In addition the cost and power requirements of flow control equipment limits the wider spread of the devices. We address these issues by presenting a simple particle-and cell-sorting scheme based on controlled fluid flow on a patterned surface. The open architecture makes it highly robust and easy to use. If clogging occurs it is straightforward to rinse the device and reuse it. Instead of external mechanical pumps, paper is used as a capillary pump. The different fractions are deposited in the paper and can subsequently be handled independently by simply cutting the paper for downstream processing and analyses. The sorting, based on deterministic lateral displacement, performs equivalently well in comparison with standard covered devices. We demonstrate successful separation of cancer cells and parasites from blood with good viability and with relevance for diagnostics and sample preparation. Sorting a mixture of soil and blood, we show the potential for forensic applications.

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“…[ 3 ] PEI is a hydrophobic material with a water contact angle of 97° and after modifi cation with PDA, surface becomes hydrophilic with a water contact angle of 32° (Supporting Information, Figure S5). Equation S1 yields contact angle limit of about 60° for spontaneous spreading on our grooved geometry (see Supporting Information for details).…”

Section: Extreme Anisotropic Wetting On Free-standing Textured Fibersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[1][2][3][4][5][6] In these channels, liquid fl ow is controlled by anisotropic (i.e. directional) surface structures (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface Textured Polymer Fibers for Microfluidics

Yıldırım

Yunusa

Öztürk

et al. 2014

Adv Funct Materials

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Cataloged from PDF version of article.This article introduces surface textured polymer fibers as a new platform for the fabrication of affordable microfluidic devices. Fibers are produced tens of meters-long at a time and comprise 20 continuous and ordered channels (equilateral triangle grooves with side lengths as small as 30 micrometers) on their surfaces. Extreme anisotropic spreading behavior due to capillary action along the grooves of fibers is observed after surface modification with polydopamine (PDA). These flexible fibers can be fixed on any surface - independent of its material and shape - to form three-dimensional arrays, which spontaneously spread liquid on predefined paths without the need for external pumps or actuators. Surface textured fibers offer high-throughput fabrication of complex open microfluidic channel geometries, which is challenging to achieve using current photolithography-based techniques. Several microfluidic systems are designed and prepared on either planar or 3D surfaces to demonstrate outstanding capability of the fiber arrays in control of fluid flow in both vertical and lateral directions. Surface textured fibers are well suited to the fabrication of flexible, robust, lightweight, and affordable microfluidic devices, which expand the role of microfluidics in a scope of fields including drug discovery, medical diagnostics, and monitoring food and water quality. © 2014 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim

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Suspended microfluidics

Cited by 167 publications

References 28 publications

Capillary microfluidics in microchannels: from microfluidic networks to capillaric circuits

Capillary microfluidics in microchannels: from microfluidic networks to capillaric circuits

Open channel deterministic lateral displacement for particle and cell sorting

Surface Textured Polymer Fibers for Microfluidics

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