Suspended sediment dynamics in the proglacial zone of the rapidly retreating Castle Creek Glacier, British Columbia, Canada

Stott, Tim; Leggat, Mike S.; Owens, Philip N.; Forrester, Barry J.; Déry, Stephen J.; Menounos, Brian; Beylich, Achim A.; Dixon, John C.; Zwoliński, Zbigniew

doi:10.1017/cbo9781107705791.023

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Paraglacial landscapes, especially those where glacierization has recently ended, are thought to be unstable and susceptible to rapid geomorphic change and extensive sediment redistribution (Church and Ryder, 1972;Ballantyne, 2002b). As Earth's climate continues to warm, there will be more land area classified as paraglacial (Mercier, 2008), and rivers and channels will likely receive increased sediment load from the paraglacial environment (Stott et al, 2013). Understanding the sediment budget of deglaciating landscapes will be important for managing downstream ecosystems and infrastructure, such as fisheries, reservoirs, and dams (Morche et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using in situ cosmogenic ¹⁰Be to identify the source of sediment leaving Greenland

Nelson

Bierman

Shakun

et al. 2014

Earth Surf Processes Landf

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We use the concentration of in situ 10Be in quartz isolated from fluvial and morainal sand to trace sediment sources and to determine the relative contribution of glacerized and deglaciated terrain to Greenland's sediment budget. We sampled along the western, eastern, and southern margins of the Greenland Ice Sheet, and collected sediment sourced from glacerized (n = 19) and non‐glacerized terrain (n = 10), from channels where sediment from glacerized and non‐glacerized terrain is mixed (n = 28), from Holocene glacial‐fluvial terraces (n = 4), and from one sand dune. In situ 10Be concentrations in sediment range from 1600 to 34 000 atoms g‐1. The concentration of in situ 10Be in sediment sourced from non‐glacerized terrain is significantly higher than in sediment sourced from glacerized areas, in mixed channel sediment, and in terrace sediment that was deposited during the Holocene. To constrain the timing of landscape exposure for the deglaciated portion of the Narsarsuaq field area in southern Greenland, we measured in situ 10Be concentration in bedrock (n = 5) and boulder (n = 6) samples. Paired bedrock and boulder ages are indistinguishable at 1σ uncertainty and indicate rapid exposure of the upland slopes at ~10.5 ka.The isotope concentration in sediment sourced from non‐glacerized terrain is higher than in sediment sourced from glacerized terrain because the non‐glacerized landscape has been exposed to cosmic radiation since early Holocene deglaciation. Sediment from glacerized areas contains a low, but measurable concentration of 10Be that probably accumulated at depth during a prolonged period of exposure, probably before the establishment of the Greenland Ice Sheet. The concentration of 10Be in mixed fluvial sediment and in terrace sediment is low, and similar to the concentration in sediment from glacerized areas, which indicates that the Greenland Ice Sheet is the dominant source of sediment moving through the landscape outside the glacial margin in the areas we sampled. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using in situ cosmogenic ¹⁰Be to identify the source of sediment leaving Greenland

Nelson

Bierman

Shakun

et al. 2014

Earth Surf Processes Landf

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“…It is important to sample as close to the glacier snout as possible if erosion rates and SSYs from glaciated land are to be assessed, as suspended sediment transport and SSYs change rapidly with distance from the snout (Stott et al 2008, 2016, Leggat et al 2015). Therefore, a stable cross-section of the meltwater stream draining Orwell Glacier at 60°42.5456′S, 45°36.7436′W was monitored (Fig.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal hydrological and suspended sediment transport dynamics and their future modelling in the Orwell Glacier proglacial stream, Signy Island, Antarctica

Stott

Convey

2020

Antarctic Science

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Climate change in the Antarctic over the past 50+ years has caused contraction of ice and snow cover, longer melt seasons and intensified glacier melting. These changes affect erosion and sediment redistribution processes that are vital to our understanding of terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems and sediment input to oceans. This 79 day study of the Orwell Glacier meltwater stream on Signy Island (5 December 2019–21 February 2020) used 5 min recordings of turbidity, stream discharge (Q) and air temperature (AT), supplemented by 454 water samples from which suspended sediment concentration (SSC) was gravimetrically determined, to calculate daily suspended sediment loads (SSLs). Qmean was 47.8 ± 3.5 l s-1, SSCmean was 71.0 ± 15.9 mg l-1 and daily SSLmean was 75 ± 8 kg day-1 with a suspended sediment yield of 43.6 t km-2 yr-1. A multiple regression model predicted SSLs reliably (multiple r = 0.95, r2 = 0.91, n = 79) and, when run with ATmean + 1°C (expected on Signy Island by 2060) and ATmean + 2°C (expected by 2100) scenarios, the model predicted 7% and 13% increases in SSLs, respectively. The SSLs estimated in this study are low when compared with others from around the world.

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“…. Data from these weather stations have supported modelling studies of seasonal snowpack evolution (Younas et al, 2017), blowing snow fluxes , turbulent fluxes on a mountain glacier (Radić et al, 2017), glacial retreat (Beedle et al, 2009(Beedle et al, , 2015 and pro-glacial sediment transport dynamics (Leggat et al, 2015;Stott et al, 2016). These data have also been used to validate remote sensing products of snow (Tong et al, 2009a(Tong et al, , b, 2010, gridded meteorological datasets (Sharma and Déry, 2016) and output from numerical weather prediction models over complex terrain (Schirmer and Jamieson, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Eddy covariance measurements of turbulent fluxes on Castle Creek Glacier were also conducted during two summer field campaigns (in 2010 and 2012), during which additional atmospheric measurements were collected on the glacier (Radić et al, 2017). Sediment fluxes in Castle Creek and its main tributaries were also sampled during two other summer field campaigns (in 2008 andLeggat et al, 2015;Stott et al, 2016). Meteorological observations along the shores of Quesnel Lake support ongoing efforts to understand the long-term impacts of the Mount Polley mine tailings pond spill on the water quality and ecology of the system (Petticrew et al, 2015).…”

Section: Ancillary Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

The Cariboo Alpine Mesonet: sub-hourly hydrometeorological observations of British Columbia's Cariboo Mountains and surrounding area since 2006

Hernández-Henríquez

Sharma

Taylor

et al. 2018

Earth Syst. Sci. Data

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This article presents the development of a sub-hourly database of hydrometeorological conditions collected in British Columbia's (BC's) Cariboo Mountains and surrounding area extending from 2006 to present. The Cariboo Alpine Mesonet (CAMnet) forms a network of 11 active hydrometeorological stations positioned at strategic locations across mid-to high elevations of the Cariboo Mountains. This mountain region spans 44 150 km 2 , forming the northern extension of the Columbia Mountains. Deep fjord lakes along with old-growth western redcedar and hemlock forests reside in the lower valleys, montane forests of Engelmann spruce, lodgepole pine and subalpine fir permeate the mid-elevations, while alpine tundra, glaciers and several large ice fields cover the higher elevations. The automatic weather stations typically measure air and soil temperature, relative humidity, atmospheric pressure, wind speed and direction, rainfall and snow depth at 15 min intervals. Additional measurements at some stations include shortwave and longwave radiation, near-surface air, skin, snow, or water temperature, and soil moisture, among others. Details on deployment sites, the instrumentation used and its precision, the collection and quality control process are provided. Instructions on how to access the database at Zenodo, an online public data repository, are also furnished (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1195043). Information on some of the challenges and opportunities encountered in maintaining continuous and homogeneous time series of hydrometeorological variables and remote field sites is provided. The paper also summarizes ongoing plans to expand CAMnet to better monitor atmospheric conditions in BC's mountainous terrain, efforts to push data online in (near-)real time, availability of ancillary data and lessons learned thus far in developing this mesoscale network of hydrometeorological stations in the data-sparse Cariboo Mountains.Published by Copernicus Publications. Study areaThe Cariboo Mountains region spans ∼ 44 150 km 2 in the central interior of BC, forming the northernmost range of the Columbia Mountains between the Interior Plateau and Rocky Mountain Trench (Fig. 2). Elevations in the Cariboo Mountains range from 330 m a.s.l. in the valley bottoms to 3520 m a.s.l. at its highest peak, Mount Sir Wilfrid Laurier (Sharma, 2014). The climate in the Cariboo Mountains remains drier than the Coast Mountains to the west, but wetter than the Interior Plateau to the west and Rocky Mountains

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Suspended sediment dynamics in the proglacial zone of the rapidly retreating Castle Creek Glacier, British Columbia, Canada

Cited by 4 publications

References 47 publications

Using in situ cosmogenic ¹⁰Be to identify the source of sediment leaving Greenland

Using in situ cosmogenic ¹⁰Be to identify the source of sediment leaving Greenland

Seasonal hydrological and suspended sediment transport dynamics and their future modelling in the Orwell Glacier proglacial stream, Signy Island, Antarctica

The Cariboo Alpine Mesonet: sub-hourly hydrometeorological observations of British Columbia's Cariboo Mountains and surrounding area since 2006

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Suspended sediment dynamics in the proglacial zone of the rapidly retreating Castle Creek Glacier, British Columbia, Canada

Cited by 4 publications

References 47 publications

Using in situ cosmogenic 10Be to identify the source of sediment leaving Greenland

Using in situ cosmogenic 10Be to identify the source of sediment leaving Greenland

Seasonal hydrological and suspended sediment transport dynamics and their future modelling in the Orwell Glacier proglacial stream, Signy Island, Antarctica

The Cariboo Alpine Mesonet: sub-hourly hydrometeorological observations of British Columbia's Cariboo Mountains and surrounding area since 2006

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Using in situ cosmogenic ¹⁰Be to identify the source of sediment leaving Greenland

Using in situ cosmogenic ¹⁰Be to identify the source of sediment leaving Greenland