“…37 Knapczyk and Dzierzek have written quite a few papers on the subject, taking joint flexibility hence elasto-kinematics into account as well. 38–40 The subject of suspension kinematics computation is still relevant regardless of the widespread use of general purpose, multibody-based software, as shown by recent works like literature, 41–43 related to the application of various optimisation methods to suspension kinematics. The authors have contributed to research on the subject in literature, 31–34 while Cambiaghi et al.…”
Section: A Tool For Suspension Kinematics: Requirements Descriptionmentioning
The paper presents an integrated approach to suspension design with educational purposes. A dedicated design tool was created to instruct automotive engineering students in the whole process of suspension design across the various CAE tools involved, from early kinematics studies to CAD, vehicle dynamics simulations and FEM modelling. The tool has given birth to a proven design procedure that the authors would like to share in this paper with focus on the educational side, although suspension kinematics design is not certainly a novel subject in itself. The tool includes geometries like the widely used McPherson strut, complex five-link schemes for high-end road cars, and typical racing car geometries like the so-called push/pull rod systems used on Formula 1 and Le Mans racecars. It has been applied successfully to various projects developed by professionals as well as by students, including the latest three Formula SAE (FSAE) single-seaters of the University of Brescia (Brescia, Italy) team. The paper is structured as follows. The introduction describes the role student design
“…37 Knapczyk and Dzierzek have written quite a few papers on the subject, taking joint flexibility hence elasto-kinematics into account as well. 38–40 The subject of suspension kinematics computation is still relevant regardless of the widespread use of general purpose, multibody-based software, as shown by recent works like literature, 41–43 related to the application of various optimisation methods to suspension kinematics. The authors have contributed to research on the subject in literature, 31–34 while Cambiaghi et al.…”
Section: A Tool For Suspension Kinematics: Requirements Descriptionmentioning
The paper presents an integrated approach to suspension design with educational purposes. A dedicated design tool was created to instruct automotive engineering students in the whole process of suspension design across the various CAE tools involved, from early kinematics studies to CAD, vehicle dynamics simulations and FEM modelling. The tool has given birth to a proven design procedure that the authors would like to share in this paper with focus on the educational side, although suspension kinematics design is not certainly a novel subject in itself. The tool includes geometries like the widely used McPherson strut, complex five-link schemes for high-end road cars, and typical racing car geometries like the so-called push/pull rod systems used on Formula 1 and Le Mans racecars. It has been applied successfully to various projects developed by professionals as well as by students, including the latest three Formula SAE (FSAE) single-seaters of the University of Brescia (Brescia, Italy) team. The paper is structured as follows. The introduction describes the role student design
“…Here, sequential quadratic programming (SQP), a gradient-based optimization engine and a genetic algorithm (GA) are used. 16 Figure 7.Modal kinetic energy fractions—basic coupled and decoupled EMS variants of Table 2. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of the article.…”
Section: Ems Design Examplementioning
confidence: 99%
“…The application of numerical optimization and design of experiments (DoE) methods in combination with MBS dynamics simulation requires an automated process, which enables the interaction of various software applications. The applied process control is presented in Figure 3, similar to Angrosch et al 16 The overall process is controlled by means of a script, which first of all loads the engine testrig model, including the chosen EMS parameter values in an MBS dynamics software and computes the solution of the eigenvalue problem. After calculation is done by the solver, data interpretation follows-in this case next to six eigenfrequencies and eigenvectors, the modal kinetic energy fractions, equation (13) and (14), are stored in a result file.…”
Section: Automated Design Process For Mbs Dynamics Simulationmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Here, sequential quadratic programming (SQP), a gradient-based optimization engine and a genetic algorithm (GA) are used. 16 The degree of coupling of all six rigid body modes with respect to coordinate directions is often suggested in literatures 13,17,18 for a first evaluation of the design of an EMS. Therefore, the design parameters are used to generate ''coupled'' and ''decoupled'' EMS variants.…”
Section: Parameter Influences On ''Pitch'' Modementioning
In recent years, appropriate engine mount system design has become increasingly important due to a consistent trend towards lighter car bodies combined with more power-intensive engines and often lower idle speed. Decoupling dominant vibration directions of the engine-gearbox assembly (EGA) from input excitation direction, in particular based on elastic axis decoupling and torque roll axis decoupling concepts, are often referred to in literature. However, their practical application remains scarce. Hence, multi-body system dynamics simulation and numerical optimization is used in order to introduce an easily applicable implementation of the referred concepts. Therefore, the modal kinetic energy distribution of the EGA with respect to physical directions is considered. Effects of coupling or decoupling of EGA eigenmodes regarding engine-excited (e.g. from engine run-up or idling) as well as road-induced vibrations (e.g. from rough road or cobblestones) are addressed in an engine mount system parameter design study for a small-sized engine. Decoupling modal kinetic energy fractions of all rigid body modes considerably reduces effects from engine-excited vibrations, while strong coupling might offer benefits for road-induced vibrations. As modal kinetic energy fractions can easily be varied by means of optimization and/or by using findings from correlation coefficients derived with design of experiment methods, the adaptation of design parameters (mount positions and inclinations, stiffnesses, and loss angles) is possible in a quite straightforward manner for an effective compromise.
“…In addition, Yang et al 19 proposed an adaptive metamodel-based optimization approach to apply into the kinematic performance optimization of a MacPherson suspension system. Angrosch et al 20 determined dependencies between the mounting points location of the MacPherson suspension devices and typical suspension indicators by means of design of experiments.…”
In this paper, the kinematic characteristic analysis and optimization design of a minivan MacPherson-strut suspension system are performed. Design requirements of a minivan suspension system are described first, and then the design process is presented. A typical MacPherson suspension model of the minivan is conducted. Through the established model, the simulation of parallel wheel travel of the suspension system of the minivan is carried out and analyzed. After initial analysis, wheel alignment parameters especially the toe angle and camber angles need to be optimized to meet the requirements of the desired design value. The characteristic curves of wheel alignment parameters are drawn and the corresponding non-ideal characteristics are found. The optimization objective is to reduce the variation of the unreasonable alignment parameters, and the design variables are given through the sensitivity analysis. The design parameters are reasonably grouped according to different kinematic characteristics, thus, a unified objective function is established by direct weighing combination method. Finally, the established objective function is optimized and designed with neighborhood cultivation genetic algorithm. By comparing the original and optimized results, the better wheel alignment parameters are obtained and the system performances of suspension are further improved.
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