Suspension Fertilizers Based on Waste Phosphates from the Production of Polyols

Abstract

Phosphorus raw materials are non-renewable, and their resources are shrinking faster and faster as a result of increased fertilizer production. This is due to the increasing population and the need to produce more food. Phosphorus, on the other hand, is one of the main nutrients of plants, without which it is impossible to conduct intensive agricultural production. There are no economically significant phosphate resources in Europe, so they must be imported. That is why it is so important to reduce losses and recover this element from waste streams, which was reflected in the new EU Regulation 2019/1009. A prospective option is to use waste phosphates from the production of polyether polyols. Previous studies show that they contain about 20% phosphorus. Due to their high water content, the most advantageous form of their application is the production of fertilizers in the form of a suspension. The aim of the study is to assess the possibility of using waste phosphates from the production of polyols as raw materials for the production of suspension fertilizers.

The Impact of Suspension Fertilizers Based on Waste Phosphorus Salts from Polyol Production on the Yield of Maize Intended for Green Fodder

“…In the second series, the dose of phosphorus was increased by 2% with the same content of nitrogen, potassium, secondary nutrients and microelements as the fertilizers in the first series. The proposals for the 6 suspension fertilizers were selected in such a way as to easily compare the yield-forming efficiency of corn in relation to the amount of the phosphorus component and depending on the addition of secondary nutrients and microelements [20].…”

“…The detailed characteristics of the waste used are presented in the article "The Possibility of Using Waste Phosphates from the Production of Polyols for Fertilizing Purposes" [19], while the article "Suspension Fertilizers Based on Waste Phosphates from the Production of Polyols" [20] describes the method of producing the used waste suspension fertilizers.…”

Design of Carboxymethylcellulose/Poloxamer-Based Bioformulation Embedding Trichoderma afroharzianum for Agricultural Applications

“…Fertilizer application techniques span from spray irrigation to root bath and can require formulations with different viscosities. 26,27 Rheological properties of agricultural formulations are thus an important parameter to assess in the evaluation of their practical application. In the biomedical field, the use of solutions of polysaccharides, such as hyaluronic acid, were assessed as a potent and versatile platform for the delivery of nanosized liposomes.…”

“…Polysaccharides are hydrophilic polymers that have been yet used for the fabrication of nanostructured materials such as cellulose-based beads and starch-base hydrogels for the delivery of nutrients and compounds of agricultural interest. − Despite the use of these nanostructured systems leading to advantages such as high water absorption ability and controlled release, their application in agriculture results in high specificity and is not very versatile. Fertilizer application techniques span from spray irrigation to root bath and can require formulations with different viscosities. , Rheological properties of agricultural formulations are thus an important parameter to assess in the evaluation of their practical application. In the biomedical field, the use of solutions of polysaccharides, such as hyaluronic acid, were assessed as a potent and versatile platform for the delivery of nanosized liposomes .…”