Suspension of the Ford focus RS 500

Simon, Marc; Gerhards, Thomas; Frantzen, Michael; David, Wolfgang

doi:10.1007/bf03225151

Cited by 2 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 1 publication

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…A coupler in a 4‐bar linkage mechanism is a rigid body not directly connected or restricted to a frame, such as the hub carrier in a double wishbone suspension. In fact, similar concepts have been used in some modern suspensions, such as the “Integral Link” suspension mechanism and the “RevoKnuckle” suspension mechanism . The main reason for using coupler links in these advanced linkage mechanisms is that without the use of additional coupler links, it is (nearly) impossible to design a suspension mechanism that outperforms the conventional suspension mechanisms like the double wishbone, 5‐link, and McPherson suspensions.…”

Section: Suspension Mechanism Synthesis By the Proposed Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Topology optimization of vehicle rear suspension mechanisms

Kim

Kang

et al. 2017

Numerical Meth Engineering

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

As suspensions critically affect the ride and handling performance of vehicles, considerable efforts have been made to improve their design by an optimization method. In this paper, we propose a topology optimization-based method for suspension synthesis by using a 3-dimensional model constructed with nonlinear bars and zero-length springs that discretize the 3-dimensional space between the chassis frame and a vehicle wheel. For optimization, bar cross-sections and spring stiffness values are used as design variables alongside the nodal positions of bar elements as shape optimization variables to simultaneously optimize the topology and shape. To verify the proposed approach, 2 types of design problems were solved: recovering known suspension mechanisms for a given set of wheel trajectories and synthesizing unknown suspension mechanisms that satisfy several design constraints typically used in the automobile industry. Through these examples, possibilities to design new and advanced suspensions by the proposed optimization method are clearly demonstrated. in a reasonable amount of time. Therefore, we hope to set up the topology optimization problem for suspension synthesis by using a numerically efficient gradient-based optimizer.Although there is no study or report that uses the topology optimization method for 3-dimensional vehicle suspension systems, there were earlier studies that dealt with planar linkage mechanisms by topology optimization. To synthesize 3-dimensional suspension systems, a recently proposed energy-based formulation developed for planar mechanisms 5 will be expanded by first reviewing earlier studies that discussed issues and difficulties with rigid body mechanism synthesis using the topology optimization method.Kawamoto 6 proposed a ground model consisting of nonlinear bar elements for the topology optimization-based synthesis of planar linkage mechanisms. An alternative modeling method is to use spring-connected rigid blocks (SBs). 7-9 Whether bar elements or spring-connected rigid blocks are used to make a ground model, mechanism layout determinations, which are discrete in nature, are expressed in terms of continuous design variables since a gradient-based optimizer cannot be used otherwise. As explained below, continuous variables cause major issues even though they cannot be avoided for efficient calculations. Besides aforementioned studies, other relevant studies 10-16 were reported. However, realistic problems appearing in engineering applications could not be solved until recently because of the discrete-type DOF (degree of freedom) constraint, which is something a rigid body mechanism must satisfy. This is not easy to express in the differentiable form when continuous design variables are used to develop a gradient-based topology optimization method. If a mechanism with a single input and a single output is to be synthesized, its DOF should be exactly 1. It is only recently that the DOF issue has been resolved by Kim and Kim 5 for the planar linkage mechanism synthesis by showing th...

show abstract

Section: Suspension Mechanism Synthesis By the Proposed Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, the Integral Link suspension was designed to surpass the Pareto frontier between longitudinal compliance and wind‐up angle (spin angle) stiffness . Besides, the RevoKnuckle suspension is known to relax the torque steer problem …”

Section: Suspension Mechanism Synthesis By the Proposed Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Topology optimization of vehicle rear suspension mechanisms

Kim

Kang

et al. 2017

Numerical Meth Engineering

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Since oligomers of N-substituted glycines, or peptoids, were first reported by Bartlett, Zuckermann, and co-workers in 1992 [1][2], researchers have explored the synthetic, conformational, and application-oriented aspects of the "peptoid landscape" with significant success. Peptoids are discrete oligomers with a peptidic backbone, where the side chains are appended to the backbone amide nitrogen rather than the -carbon.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To develop peptoids as therapeutics, it is important to understand their fates in the body, such as: (1) how fast are the peptoids eliminated from the body? (2) where do they concentrate or localize, if anywhere? (3) are peptoids xenobiotics?…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Peptoids: Bio-Inspired Polymers as Potential Pharmaceuticals

Dohm

Kapoor²,

Barron³

2011

CPD

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Peptoids are a developing class of peptide-like oligomers originally invented for drug discovery in the early 1990s. While peptides hold great promise for therapeutic applications, current development of peptide-based pharmaceuticals is hindered by their potential for misfolding and aggregation, and particularly, for rapid in vivo degradation post-administration. Researchers have investigated alternative peptide-like constructs that may be able to circumvent such complications. Peptoids comprise a peptide-based backbone and N-substituted glycines for side chain residues, resulting in complete protease-resistance. Synthesis of peptoid sequences up to 50 units in length allows for controlled sequence composition and incorporation of diverse side chain chemistries. Though the landscape of peptoid structure is not clearly defined, secondary, tertiary, loop, turn, and random structures have been identified. As protease-resistant isomers of peptides, peptoids are being developed as versatile molecular tools in biochemistry and biophysics, and are becoming attractive candidates for therapeutic and diagnostic applications. Peptoids have thus far demonstrated bioactivity as protein mimics and as replacements for small molecule drugs. In this review, we discuss the most recent advances in peptoid research on the therapeutic front in the last few years, including in vitro and in vivo studies in the fields of lung surfactant therapy, antimicrobial agents, diagnostics, and cancer. We particularly focus on the biophysical activity of lipid-associated peptoids and their potential therapeutic applications.

show abstract

Suspension of the Ford focus RS 500

Cited by 2 publications

References 1 publication

Topology optimization of vehicle rear suspension mechanisms

Topology optimization of vehicle rear suspension mechanisms

Peptoids: Bio-Inspired Polymers as Potential Pharmaceuticals

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About