Sustainability analysis of dry treatment technologies for acid gas removal in waste-to-energy plants

Pozzo, Alessandro Dal; Guglielmi, Daniele; Antonioni, Giacomo; Tugnoli, Alessandro

doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.05.203

Cited by 30 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Pursuing the maximum utilization of the sorbent is a key aspect in the optimization of flue gas cleaning operation. Feeding excess sodium bicarbonate to the DSI system not only results in a higher reactant cost per unit of acid gas removed, but also causes an increase in the generation of process residues, the disposal of which is a significant environmental drawback of dry acid gas removal systems. , Nonetheless, in some situations, the acid gas removal unit in a flue gas treatment line might be required to deviate from the optimal operating temperature, due to design constraints: e.g. if a flue gas treatment line using selective catalytic reduction (SCR) for the abatement of nitrogen oxides (NO X ) is considered, a typical SCR unit requires an inlet temperature of at least 200 °C, and the catalyst is subject to poisoning by the SO 2 content in the flue gas .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Investigation of the Reactivity of Sodium Bicarbonate toward Hydrogen Chloride and Sulfur Dioxide at Low Temperatures

Pozzo

Moricone

Tugnoli

et al. 2019

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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The use of sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO 3) as a solid reactant for the removal of acid pollutants in industrial flue gas streams is a simple and effective process solution. Nonetheless, despite its technological maturity, the industrial application of NaHCO 3-based flue gas treatment is still highly empirical. A better knowledge of the heterogeneous reaction process could allow process optimization, resulting in a reduction both in the consumption of reactants and in the generation of solid waste products. In the present study, the reactivity of NaHCO 3 toward HCl and SO 2 was investigated in the temperature range between 120 and 300°C. The key role of thermal activation in determining the reactivity of the sorbent was confirmed. The choice of the optimal temperature for acid gas sorption results from a trade-off: higher temperatures increase the reaction kinetics, but induce the sintering of the activated sodium carbonate. The occurrence of sintering is particularly detrimental for high removal efficiency toward SO 2 , possibly due to the role of the sodium sulfite layer originated by SO 2 sorption. As a consequence, the optimal operating temperature resulted as 150°C for SO 2 and 210°C for HCl. The choice of operating temperature in industrial dry sorbent injection units for acid gas abatement is discussed in view of the present findings.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Investigation of the Reactivity of Sodium Bicarbonate toward Hydrogen Chloride and Sulfur Dioxide at Low Temperatures

Pozzo

Moricone

Tugnoli

et al. 2019

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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“…The aim of this review paper is to investigate the current situation in the field of waste-to-biogas both in Europe and worldwide. Previous reviews and research papers in this field mostly analyse technological progress [45][46][47][48][49], legislative limitations [50][51][52][53], case studies [54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61], impacts on efficiency [62][63][64][65], environmental impacts [66][67][68][69][70] and problems associated with public opinion [71][72][73][74]. A study of challenges including a proposed implementation framework for sustainable municipal organic waste management using biogas technology in Asian countries has also recently been conducted [75].…”

Section: Aim Scope and Structure Of The Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Status and Review of Waste-to-Biogas Conversion for Selected European Countries and Worldwide

et al. 2022

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Growing world population and increasing population density are leading to increasing waste production with biological waste amounting to several billion tonnes annually. Together with the increasing need for renewable energy sources, waste-to-biogas conversion as a prime example of waste-to-energy technology represents a facile way of solving two problems simultaneously. This review aims to address the recent progress in the field of waste-to-biogas technology, which is lately facing intensive research and development, and present the current status of this waste treatment method both in technological and legislative terms. The first part provides an overview of waste and waste management issues. This is followed by a detailed description of applicable waste-to-energy (WtE) technologies and their current implementation in selected European countries. Moreover, national energy and climate plans (NECPs) of selected EU Member States are reviewed and compared with a focus on implementation of WtE technologies. In a further section, biogas production from waste around the world is reviewed and compared country wise. Finally, an outlook into the future of WtE technologies is provided alongside the conclusions based upon the reviewed data.

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“…The emission of airborne pollutants (e.g., hydrogen chloride, HCl) is the main drawback of the thermal treatment of solid waste [66,67]. The availability of new sorbent materials [68] poses to the designers of new treatment process critical choices that may affect the environmental impacts of the plant under design [69,70]. In a life cycle perspective, the choice of the best dry treatment solution should consider not only the acid gas removal efficiency, but also the indirect environmental burdens related to supply of sorbents and disposal of solid process residues.…”

Section: Use Of Alternative Sorbents For Acid Gas Removal In Waste-tomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Figure 5 details the procedure adopted for the integration of the process simulation in a life cycle assessment framework. First, the functional unit (1 h of operation of a 360 t/day WtE plant), the waste types (a typical urban waste and a chlorine-rich waste representative of industrial refuses, see [69] for composition), and the emission limit value (2 mg/Nm 3 for HCl) are set. As the LCA aims to evaluate the environmental consequences of varying the repartition of HCl removal efficiency X in the 1st calcium-based stage (X 1 ) and in the 2nd sodium-based stage (X 2 ), four reference process configurations are defined (Ca_0 in which only sodium bicarbonate is used; and Ca_25, Ca_50 and Ca_75 in which, respectively, 25 wt %, 50 wt % and 75 wt % of the incoming HCl is removed in the first Ca(OH) 2 -based stage).…”

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confidence: 99%

Integrating Life Cycle Inventory and Process Design Techniques for the Early Estimate of Energy and Material Consumption Data

et al. 2018

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Life cycle assessment (LCA) is a powerful tool to identify direct and indirect environmental burdens associated with products, processes and services. A critical phase of the LCA methodology is the collection of representative inventory data for the energy and material streams related to the production process. In the evaluation of new and emerging chemical processes, measured data are known only at laboratory scale and may have limited connection to the environmental footprint of the same process implemented at industrial scale. On the other hand, in the evaluation of processes already established at commercial scale, the availability of process data might be hampered by industrial confidentiality. In both cases, the integration of simple process design techniques in the LCA can contribute to overcome the lack of primary data, allowing a more correct quantification of the life cycle inventory. The present paper shows, through the review of case study examples, how simplified process design, modeling and simulation can support the LCA framework to provide a preliminary estimate of energy and material consumption data suitable for environmental assessment purposes. The discussed case studies illustrate the implementation of process design considerations to tackle availability issues of inventory data in different contexts. By evidencing the case-specific nature of the problem of preliminary conceptual process design, the study calls for a closer collaboration of process design experts and life cycle analysts in the green development of new products and processes.

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Sustainability analysis of dry treatment technologies for acid gas removal in waste-to-energy plants

Cited by 30 publications

References 42 publications

Experimental Investigation of the Reactivity of Sodium Bicarbonate toward Hydrogen Chloride and Sulfur Dioxide at Low Temperatures

Experimental Investigation of the Reactivity of Sodium Bicarbonate toward Hydrogen Chloride and Sulfur Dioxide at Low Temperatures

Current Status and Review of Waste-to-Biogas Conversion for Selected European Countries and Worldwide

Integrating Life Cycle Inventory and Process Design Techniques for the Early Estimate of Energy and Material Consumption Data

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