Sustainability analysis of sandstone using smart material by EMI approach

Abstract

In India, sandstone was broadly used to construct structures like Agra fort, Red Fort Delhi and Allahabad fort, 13 etc. Around the world, many historical structures were collapsed due to the adverse effect of damages. Structural 14 health monitoring (SHM) is very useful to take appropriate action against the failure of structure. The Electro-15 mechanical impedance (EMI) technique is used to continuously monitor the damage. This technique is helped to 16 analyse the hairline crack, location, and severity of damage to structural elements. A 10cm length and 5cm 17 diameter sandstone cylinder was used in experimental work. A cutter was used to create the artificial damages 18 of 2mm, 3mm, 4mm, and 5mm respectively along the length, at the same place in specimens. The signature was 19 measured for each depth of damage between 30 kHz to 400 kHz frequency range. The comparative result of 20 healthy and damages state with different depth was concluded base on EMI signature form the sample. RMSD 21 Statistical methods like root mean square deviation (RMSD) is used for quantification of damage. This paper 22 motivates the application of the EMI technique to the historical building made of sand stone as key material.