Sustainability and Resilience in Smart City Planning: A Review

Abstract

Urban planning is recognized as an interaction between the state and society, which aims to articulate public policies in the territory, facilitating their administration in favor of greater development and well-being of society. However, this interaction becomes complex because consumption demands increase, and the carrying capacity of the urban ecosystem to supply them is exceeded, hindering its sustainable functionality. With this overview, it becomes relevant to study urban planning from a sustainable environmental planning perspective, based on four topics: urban planning, sustainability, resilience, and smart cities, which are developed throughout the document by means of a chronological study. A bibliometric study was used through a Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) adjustment to 87 articles, supported by VOSviewer®, which allowed for the construction and visualization of the co-occurrence networks of key words extracted from the selected articles. Likewise, 16 documents more were used for the co-occurrence analysis. The main result is to consider cities with a complex systems approach that works like a gear; the relationship between inter-urban and intra-urban processes is the key factor that allows for an understanding of their synchronization; therefore, deepening of each of these topics is crucial to the ideal of a territorial administration involving time scales and adaptive cycles, allowing for the provision of new tools for concepts such as carrying capacity and the measurement of the ecological footprint.

Smart Cities Landscape and Urban Planning for Sustainability in Brno City

“…Lastly, we noted that Brno city has very good plans and vision with other studies [11- 13,22,[44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60]78,79]. This has been referred to as the "DNA" of smart cities [78][79][80]. However, the implementation still suffers political changes.…”

“…We strongly conclude that even though Brno city still struggles to achieve total sustainability, it is still a model and reflection of a smart and sustainable city. From infrastructure development, technology, and the green spaces and nature in and around the city, one would appreciate the efforts to balance infrastructure development, technology, and nature to benefit the people and environment [61][62][63][64][78][79][80][81][82][83]. Such an integrated approach and conceptualization could inform policy making and practice that can achieve smart city and sustainability [78][79][80][81].…”

“…Nevertheless, an analysis of the literature on the subject by Bhosale et al [7] indicates that the scope of research on S.C. goes beyond the technological aspect itself, especially concerning Europe. The subject matter of these scientific works considers a more holistic interpretation of smart cities, emphasizing that their development depends on the balance between human, economic, social, cultural, environmental, and technological factors [22,44,[61][62][63][64][78][79][80][81][82][83]. Smart cities are gradually becoming our reality.…”

“…Moreover, it is argued that the goal of smart cities is to achieve good quality of life of the people and sustainability of their neighborhoods. This is the ultimate goal of urban utilities in long run [22,44,[78][79][80][81][82][83][84][85][86].…”

“…Even though most studies emphasize smart technology [22,44,[78][79][80][81][82][83][84][85][86], Bamwesigye and Hlavackova [22] and Yigitcanlar et al [78] put emphasis on smart people and their welfare as well as the environmental sustainability. Yigitcanlar et al [78] concluded that smart cities conceptualizations should be linked to achieve desired sustainable practices for efficient improvement of all aspects of smart city.…”