Sustainability Assessment of Araucaria Forest Remnants in Southern Brazil: Insights from Traditional Forest Inventory Surveys

Abstract

Precise estimates of dendrometric and morphometric variables are indispensable for effective forest resource conservation and sustainable utilization. This study focuses on modeling the relationships between shape (morphometric), dimension (dendrometric) and density (N) to assess the sustainability of forest resources. It sheds light on the current state of site characteristics, reproduction, and the structure of Araucaria angustifolia trees at selected forest remnants across multiple sites in Santa Catarina, Southern Brazil. Individual trees and their dendrometric variables, such as the diameter at breast height (d), height (h), crown base height (cbh), annual periodic increment (API) in growth rings, and morphometric variables, including four radii of the crown in cardinal directions, were evaluated. These measurements allowed us to calculate various morphometric indices and crown efficiency, enabling the assessment of both vertical and horizontal structural conditions. Statistical analysis confirmed a positive relationship of the crown volume (cv) and crown surface area (csa) with the crown length (cl). Conversely, the crown efficiency, density, increment rate, and reproductive structure production declined. These morphometric relationships emphasize the complex dynamics within these forest ecosystems, irrespective of the chosen site, indicating that horizontal and vertical forest structures have stagnated and have been characterized by limited change in the last ten years. Such results raise concerns about sustainability, highlighting the need for proper conservation measures and sustainable forest management practices. Our findings underscore the need for substantial adjustments in the structure and dynamics of the forest, particularly on selected rural properties where this tree species is abundant, to ensure long-term sustainability.