Sustainability issues related to feeding salmonids: a Canadian perspective

Abstract

The issue of sustainability of salmonid culture has been the focus of considerable media coverage and debate between environmental activists and aquaculture industry stakeholders, particularly regarding the use of ingredients derived from wild fisheries (fishmeal and fish oil) in salmonid feeds. This study attempts to summarize recent data and to calculate the conversion efficiency of feed resources by Canadian farmed salmon in order objectively to assess the sustainability of this industry in this regard. Using updated information regarding domestic aquafeeds this review reports advances that have been made in diet formulation, fish in-fish out (FIFO) and feed conversion ratios (FCR) and demonstrates that production efficiency of farmed salmonids has significantly improved over time due to continued innovations in the aquafeed sector. The results suggest that the Canadian salmon aquaculture industry efficiently converts wild fish resources into highvalue fish products.

Fish Nutrition and Current Issues in Aquaculture: The Balance in Providing Safe and Nutritious Seafood, in an Environmentally Sustainable Manner

“…However, food safety is of upmost importance, therefore diligent research and stringent regulations must be required before commercialization of GM products. The balance between nutritious, safe food production and maintaining environmental sustainability will rely on our ability to use new technologies to improve farming practices, and our ability to use as few resources as possible to provide for our society [80][81][82][83][84][85][86][87][88][89][90][91][92][93][94][95].…”

Growth and feed utilisation of juvenile greenlip abalone (Haliotis laevigata) in response to water temperatures and increasing dietary protein levels

“…The optimal dietary protein level is dependent on a number of factors including the abalone species, abalone size, water temperature, ingredient digestibility and dietary energy level Bautista-Teruel and Millamena, 1999;Stone et al, 2013). The abalone industry is relatively new compared to other aquaculture sectors such as fin fish, which have successfully developed pre-starter, starter, grower and finisher diets for different grow-out stages (Ng and Romano, 2013;Sarker et al, 2013). There is an increased demand to introduce multi-diet feeding strategies for greenlip abalone by optimising the dietary protein level for each age class and water temperature throughout the production cycle.…”

Chronic rapamycin treatment on the nutrient utilization and metabolism of juvenile turbot (Psetta maxima)

“…Compared to mammals, fish are characteristic for their high dietary protein requirement1, high feed conversion efficiency2, and indeterminate growth. Protein metabolism in fish is critical for anabolism and weight gain3, as well as catabolism and energy production45.…”