Sustainability of Civil Structures through the Application of Smart Materials: A Review

Tabrizikahou, Alireza; Kuczma, Mieczysław; Nowotarski, Piotr; Kwiatek, Małgorzata; Javanmardi, Ahad

doi:10.3390/ma14174824

Cited by 25 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 82 publications

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“…On average we find that every month of full lockdown reduced the demand by 20% on average, or over 1.5% on an annual basis [5]. Therefore, focusing on methods to optimize the energy efficiency and promoting sustainability in the building's component while considering the quality of indoor spaces has been one of the trend topics among researchers [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. In Iran, artificial lighting is reported to contribute up to 25% of electricity consumption in office buildings [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficient Shading Device as an Important Part of Daylightophil Architecture; a Designerly Framework of High-Performance Architecture for an Office Building in Tehran

et al. 2021

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(1) Background: considering multiple, and somehow conflicting, design objectives can potentially make achieving a high-performance design a complex task to perform. For instance, shading devices can dramatically affect the building performance in various ways, such as energy consumption and daylight. This paper introduces a novel procedure for designing shading devices as an integral part of daylightophil architecture for office buildings by considering daylight and energy performance as objectives to be optimal. (2) Methods: to address the topic, a three-step research method was used. Firstly, three different window shades (fixed and dynamic) were modeled, one of which was inspired by traditional Iranian structures, as the main options for evaluation. Secondly, each option was evaluated for energy performance and daylight-related variables in critical days throughout the year in terms of climatic conditions and daylight situations (equinoxes and solstices including 20 March, 21 June, 22 September, and 21 December). Finally, to achieve a reliable result, apart from the results of the comparison of three options, all possible options for fixed and dynamic shades were analyzed through a multi-objective optimization to compare fixed and dynamic options and to find the optimal condition for dynamic options at different times of the day. (3) Results: through different stages of analysis, the findings suggest that, firstly, dynamic shading devices are more efficient than fixed shading devices in terms of energy efficiency, occupants’ visual comfort, and efficient use of daylight (roughly 10%). Moreover, through analyzing dynamic shading devices in different seasons and different times of the year, the optimal form of this shading device was determined. The results indicate that considering proper shading devices can have a significant improvement on achieving high-performance architecture in office buildings. This implies good potential for daylightophil architecture, but would require further studies to be confirmed as a principle for designing office buildings.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficient Shading Device as an Important Part of Daylightophil Architecture; a Designerly Framework of High-Performance Architecture for an Office Building in Tehran

et al. 2021

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“…It can be conclude of those results that: (1) The strain development of the original reinfor similar, which shows that all the strengthening methods of the spec play to the material properties of the original reinforcements, and the mances of the strengthened specimens are good. (2) The strain develo ments in the enlarged section is also relatively stable in the elastic stag of load, the reinforcement of SJ-1 yields first, followed by SJ-2 and SJ-4 ment of SJ-3 yields last. This shows that ECC in the enlarged section tensile force, which makes the reinforcements in the tensile area yie prove its recovery ability.…”

Section: Mechanical Performance Of Reinforcementsmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…It can be concluded from the analysis of those results that: (1) The strain development of the original reinforcements is basically similar, which shows that all the strengthening methods of the specimens can give full play to the material properties of the original reinforcements, and the mechanical performances of the strengthened specimens are good. (2) The strain development of reinforcements in the enlarged section is also relatively stable in the elastic stage. With the increase of load, the reinforcement of SJ-1 yields first, followed by SJ-2 and SJ-4, and the reinforcement of SJ-3 yields last.…”

Section: Mechanical Performance Of Reinforcementsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Therefore, in order to make existing RC structure meet the requirements of using functions and safety, it is great significance to carry out the research on the strengthening and retrofitting of existing RC structures. In recent years, many scholars have proved that the use of high-performance materials and intelligent structural members can better serve the strengthening and retrofitting of existing RC structures [ 2 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Experimental Investigation on Bending Behavior of Existing RC Beam Retrofitted with SMA-ECC Composites Materials

Qian

Zhang

et al. 2021

Materials

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In order to realize the self-centering, high energy consumption, and high ductility of the existing building structure through strengthening and retrofit of structure, a method of reinforced concrete (RC) beam strengthened by using Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) and Engineered Cementitious Composites (ECC) was proposed. Four kinds of specimens were designed, including one beam strengthened with enlarging section area of steel reinforced concrete, one beam strengthened with enlarging section area of SMA reinforced concrete, beam strengthened with enlarging section area of SMA reinforced ECC, and beam strengthened with enlarging section area of steel reinforced ECC; these specimens were manufactured for the monotonic cycle loading tests study on its bending behavior. The influence on the bearing capacity, energy dissipation performance, and self-recovery capacity for each test specimens with different strengthening materials were investigated, especially the bending behavior of the beams strengthened by SMA reinforced ECC. The results show that, compared with the ordinary reinforced concrete beams, strengthening existing RC beam with enlarging section area of SMA reinforced ECC can improve the self-recovery capacity, ductility, and deformability of the specimens. Finally, a revised design formula for the bending capacity of RC beams, strengthened with enlarging sections of ECC, was proposed by considering the tensile capacity provided by ECC, and the calculated values are in good agreement with the experimental value, indicating that the revised formula can be well applied to the beam strengthening with enlarging section of SMA-ECC Materials.

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“…Apart from this, Liang et al [ 3 ] used cables composed of SMA wires to enhance the effectiveness of a friction sliding bearing. A review and detailed summary of the related applications can be found in [ 4 , 5 , 6 ]. SMAs are also being used in other dynamic systems, such as in aeronautic [ 7 ] and automotive [ 8 ] engineering.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Machine Learning Enhanced Dynamic Response Modelling of Superelastic Shape Memory Alloy Wires

Lenzen

Altay

2022

Materials

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Superelastic shape memory alloy (SMA) wires exhibit superb hysteretic energy dissipation and deformation capabilities. Therefore, they are increasingly used for the vibration control of civil engineering structures. The efficient design of SMA-based control devices requires accurate material models. However, the thermodynamically coupled SMA behavior is highly sensitive to strain rate. For an accurate modelling of the material behavior, a wide range of parameters needs to be determined by experiments, where the identification of thermodynamic parameters is particularly challenging due to required technical instruments and expert knowledge. For an efficient identification of thermodynamic parameters, this study proposes a machine-learning-based approach, which was specifically designed considering the dynamic SMA behavior. For this purpose, a feedforward artificial neural network (ANN) architecture was developed. For the generation of training data, a macroscopic constitutive SMA model was adapted considering strain rate effects. After training, the ANN can identify the searched model parameters from cyclic tensile stress–strain tests. The proposed approach is applied on superelastic SMA wires and validated by experiments.

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Sustainability of Civil Structures through the Application of Smart Materials: A Review

Cited by 25 publications

References 82 publications

Efficient Shading Device as an Important Part of Daylightophil Architecture; a Designerly Framework of High-Performance Architecture for an Office Building in Tehran

Efficient Shading Device as an Important Part of Daylightophil Architecture; a Designerly Framework of High-Performance Architecture for an Office Building in Tehran

Experimental Investigation on Bending Behavior of Existing RC Beam Retrofitted with SMA-ECC Composites Materials

Machine Learning Enhanced Dynamic Response Modelling of Superelastic Shape Memory Alloy Wires

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