Sustainability of donor-funded rural water supply and sanitation projects in Mbire district, Zimbabwe

Kwangware, Johnson; Mayo, Aloyce W.; Hoko, Zvikomborero

doi:10.1016/j.pce.2014.10.001

Cited by 27 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…However, women are not involved in key decision making positions because they are not represented in the current executive committee and only 8.3% of the standing committees members are women. Low women representation in water committees were also reported elsewhere (Tadesse et al, 2013;Mwamsamali andMayo, 2014, Kwangware et al, 2014). In Mbire district, Zimbabwe, Kwangware et al (2014) reported that women representation in Water Committee is only 25.8%, which was perceived by majority of the respondents (76.3%) as adequate.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 52%

“…Low women representation in water committees were also reported elsewhere (Tadesse et al, 2013;Mwamsamali andMayo, 2014, Kwangware et al, 2014). In Mbire district, Zimbabwe, Kwangware et al (2014) reported that women representation in Water Committee is only 25.8%, which was perceived by majority of the respondents (76.3%) as adequate. In majority of cases, social, economic and cultural reasons limited the women participation in the committees.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 52%

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Prospects and challenges of management of smallholders Wovwe Rice Irrigation Scheme in Malawi through participatory approach

Gondwe¹,

Mayo²

2018

J. Agric. Ext. Rural Dev

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The concept of participatory approach in irrigation management was adopted in Malawi in the mid 1990s, but fully implemented in early 2000. This research was designed to analyze the challenges and benefits which Water User Associations (WUAs) encountered during implementation of irrigation projects using Wovwe Water User Association (WWUA) as a case study. The study thus examined the legal framework of WUAs in Malawi, their performance in water distribution, operation and maintenance, farmers' participation in WUA activities and how gender is addressed. Data was collected through questionnaires, which were administered to 290 farmers distributed in 15 blocks each comprising of about 20 to 25 ha of irrigated land. Qualitative information was also obtained through focus group discussions with farmers, and by interviewing officials of Water User Associations and those of the Irrigation Department in the Ministry of Irrigation and Water Development. Information sought included a wide range of issues including management of WUAs, participation of the farmers in WUA activities and women participation in decision making processes. The results indicated that 86.6% of the farmers are aware of the important by-laws of the Association, out of which 77% were satisfied. In spite of farmers` satisfaction, the constitution of the association is not effectively reinforced and followed. Water distribution is rotational and on supply-driven criteria. However, inefficiency of water use both on farm and in conveyance system was observed. Gender composition in key decision making positions is appalling with no women representation in the current WUA executive committee. The farmers have developed sense of ownership of the Association, but it was observed that limited financial resources, lack of technical and managerial skills and financial imprudence by the Association`s executive were the major challenges that derail WUA`s operations.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 52%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 52%

Prospects and challenges of management of smallholders Wovwe Rice Irrigation Scheme in Malawi through participatory approach

Gondwe¹,

Mayo²

2018

J. Agric. Ext. Rural Dev

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“…In order to evaluate the sustainability of a water service, several frameworks have already been developed and adopted worldwide, using specific and objective sustainability indices [15][16][17]. Interesting tools were also suggested by the IRC (International Water and Sanitation Centre) [18,19], where for instance the quality and quantity of water delivered, the distance/access to and reliability of water supply services were the main aspects taken into consideration.…”

Section: Development Of a Tool Based On Five Sustainability Elementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainability of Water Safety Plans Developed in Sub-Saharan Africa

2015

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Abstract:In developing countries, the drinking water supply is still an open issue. In sub-Saharan Africa, only 68% of the population has access to improved sources of drinking water. Moreover, some regions are affected by geogenic contaminants (e.g., fluoride and arsenic) and the lack of access to sanitation facilities and hygiene practices causes high microbiological contamination of drinking water in the supply chain. The Water Safety Plan (WSP) approach introduced by the World Health Organisation (WHO) in 2004 is now under development in several developing countries in order to face up to these issues. The WSP approach was elaborated within two cooperation projects implemented in rural areas of Burkina Faso and Senegal by two Italian NGOs (Non-Governmental Organisations). In order to evaluate its sustainability, a questionnaire based on five different sustainability elements and a cost and time consumption evaluation were carried out and applied in both the case studies. Results demonstrated that the questionnaire can provide a useful and interesting overview regarding the sustainability of the WSP; however, further surveys in the field are recommended for gathering more information. Time and costs related to the WSP elaboration, implementation, and management were demonstrated not to be negligible and above all strongly dependent on water quality and the water supply system complexity. OPEN ACCESSSustainability 2015, 7 11140

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“…Failure of interventions can occur for several reasons, such as lack of community involvement in design (15,16), lack of ownership (17,18), abuse of funds or poor financial management, lack of willingness of community members to contribute (18)(19)(20), lack of communication and connectedness (21) and no ongoing support and acknowledgement of change (22)(23)(24). In addition to an increased understanding of success and failures in WASH interventions, there is a growing trend to use community participation to drive health programmes, based on the expectation working with communities can help ensure interventions are more relevant to local priorities (25).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How community engagement in water and sanitation interventions impacts human health, infrastructure and service longevity in low- and middle-income countries: a realist review

Nelson

Drabarek

Jenkins

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background Access to safe water and sanitation is considered a basic human right and a focus of the Sustainable Development Goals. However, many water and sanitation interventions do not have long lasting impacts in communities and are generally associated with high levels of failure. Limited information is available to understand what types of interventions work for whom and under what circumstances. Methods A realist review to understand how, and under what circumstances community engagement in water and sanitation interventions impacts access (to safe water and sanitation), change (in health status or behaviour), and sustainability (of resources and services). We systematically searched PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus databases to identify studies from low- and middle-income countries.Results We reviewed 56 studies conducted in 25 countries. We identified five mechanisms that explain access, change and sustainability outcomes: 1) accountability (policies and procedures to hold communities and committees responsible for their actions and outcomes of an initiative), 2) diffusion (spread of an idea or behaviour by innovators over time through communication amongst members of a community), 3) market (the interplay between demand and supply of a service or resource), 4) ownership (sense of possession and control of the service or resource), and 5) shame (a feeling of disgust in one’s behaviour or actions). Contextual elements identified include: community location, communities with similar characteristics, communication, leadership, fines/penalties, seasonality, resource dependency, access to resources and funding, community financial and technical skills and knowledge, leadership, ongoing support and acknowledgement of change, community connectedness and social cohesion, community willingness to pay, committees that followed and understood responsibilities, rules and management plans, active committees with women and community/committee involvement in the design, planning or implementation of the intervention. Conclusion The findings highlight five key mechanisms, impacted by 19 contextual factors that explain outcomes of community-based water and sanitation interventions. Policy makers, program implementers and institutions need to consider community dynamics, location, resources, committees and level of community involvement, prior to the introduction of community-based water and sanitation interventions.

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Sustainability of donor-funded rural water supply and sanitation projects in Mbire district, Zimbabwe

Cited by 27 publications

References 10 publications

Prospects and challenges of management of smallholders Wovwe Rice Irrigation Scheme in Malawi through participatory approach

Prospects and challenges of management of smallholders Wovwe Rice Irrigation Scheme in Malawi through participatory approach

Sustainability of Water Safety Plans Developed in Sub-Saharan Africa

How community engagement in water and sanitation interventions impacts human health, infrastructure and service longevity in low- and middle-income countries: a realist review

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