“…We identified five cross-cutting conservation issues that were being caused, or were likely to be exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic (Table 2; Figure 2). These were: (a) reduced funding and/or income resulting from lowered visitation/memberships that directly contributed towards conservation activities (Lindsey et al, 2020;Smith et al, 2021;CS1, CS2, CS3, CS5 and CS6) or which provided income and livelihoods to local communities (CS2 and CS6), and concerns that international funds would be reduced or redirected elsewhere (Cheval et al, 2020;Corlett et al, 2020;CS1-6); (b) a reduction in or lack of monitoring data caused, or exacerbated, by closures and social distancing restrictions (Cheval et al, 2020;Sugai, 2020 (Corlett et al, 2020;Evans et al, 2020;Harrison et al, 2020;Laffoley et al, 2020;Lu et al, 2021;MacFarlane & Rocha, 2020). Rangers working within the Cantanhez National Park, Guinea-Bissau, were trained in how to reduce inter-species disease transmission and risk (CS2).…”