Sustainability of wild pistachio (Pistacia atlantica Desf.) in Zagros forests, Iran

Pourreza, Morteza; Shaw, John D.; Zangeneh, Hoshang

doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2008.01.057

Cited by 50 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Today, only small pieces of natural pistacia forests can be found there [37]. The presence of trees and shrubs in the vicinity of the first cultivated fields protected the latter from drying and increased chance of rain in the summer because their lower albedo was causing convection of air masses which contributed to convective rains.…”

Section: Relationship With 42 Ka Climatic Eventmentioning

confidence: 99%

Was the 4.2 ka Event an Anthropogenic Disaster?

Szczęsny¹

2016

OJE

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The article describes a possible impact of demographic explosion during the Neolith on local ecosystems and on the global climate as well as the role of this explosion in aggravating the course of 4.2 ka cooling event. A possible role of human activity in changing the pattern of mid-latitudes westerlies, monsoons and Walker circulation throughout the Holocene is analyzed. It is explained why during the Holocene Climatic Optimum (HCO) monsoons could have been weaker than today, not stronger, as it is commonly stated. It is described how during the HCO the humid Tibetan Plateau could have repelled the Indian monsoon to the west and the East Asian monsoon to the north. The explanation for weaker El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) during HCO is proposed.

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Section: Relationship With 42 Ka Climatic Eventmentioning

confidence: 99%

Was the 4.2 ka Event an Anthropogenic Disaster?

Szczęsny¹

2016

OJE

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“…trees and almond (Amygdalus spp.) shrubs [Ali et al, 2003;Pourreza et al, 2008;Djamali et al, 2009]. One of the most significant changes in this old-growth vegetation cover in the past decades has been the reduction of canopy cover mainly because of expansion of farms and agricultural lands.…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the study area, a 500 m × 600 m plot with similar structure (purely covered with Persian oak coppice trees) to other Persian oak stands in Zagros woodlands [Pourreza et al, 2008;Djamali et al, 2009], was established and precisely surveyed for quantitative assessments of the proposed approach results (Fig. 1).…”

Section: Field Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A robust approach to generate canopy cover maps using UltraCam-D derived orthoimagery classified by support vector machines in Zagros woodlands, West Iran

Erfanifard

Khodaei

Shamsi

2014

European Journal of Remote Sensing

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An approach was developed to construct a percent canopy cover (PCC) map of Zagros semi-arid woodlands, West Iran, using UltraCam-D airborne imagery. We detected crowns of Persian oak coppice trees on the imagery by use of the support vector machine (SVM) classifier optimized via Taguchi method. Then, PCC was calculated in raster grids with various block sizes and their accuracy metrics revealed the appropriate sizes. Results showed the optimized SVM success in separating Persian oak crowns as revealed in receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis (area under curve: AUC ~ 0.82). After filtering the raster maps and reassessing their accuracies, validation outputs of the final PCC map with 3000 m 2 resolution yielded an overall accuracy of 90% (KHAT=0.71) and was introduced as the optimal map in this study.

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“…The oleoresin of this plant, which is obtained as an exudate after carving the trunk and branches of the tree, can be used in a variety of industrial and traditional applications, including food and medicine; for instance, it may be used in the production of chewing gum, as a mouth freshener, as an antiseptic for wounds and in the treatment of peptic ulcer [3,4]. In Iran, P. atlantica grows in the central, western and eastern areas and is one of the most economically significant species for rural people in areas of natural forest [5]. The processed product of the oleoresin of this plant, known as saqez, is one of the most valuable products from Iran's western forests and is used in chewing gum production.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Top-down thermal analysis versus bottom-up gas chromatography–mass spectrometry in an adulteration study of Pistacia atlantica Desf. oleoresin

Savedoroudi

Mirzajani

Aliahmadi

et al. 2015

J Therm Anal Calorim

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Pistacia atlantica Desf. oleoresin is one of the most valuable economical exudates in Iran's western natural forests. Adulteration of this oleoresin with other plant exudates of lower commercial value decreases the quality of end products. Two different methods can be used for adulteration detection: a top-down method, using thermal analysis techniques according to total characteristic investigation of samples, and a bottom-up method based on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) techniques for compound determination. The volatile components of genuine and adulterated samples were obtained by the hydro-distillation method and analysed using GC-FID and GC-MS. Studying the volatile components indicated qualitative and quantitative differences between raw materials of various qualities; the most predominant was apinene. Moreover, carbohydrate compounds as sample components were analysed. The alditol acetate derivatives of extracted gum were prepared and identified using GC-MS. Identification of alditol acetate derivatives of extracted gum revealed the presence of glucose, galactose, xylose, rhamnose, mannose and arabinose in genuine oleoresin. The presence of adulterants can significantly change the carbohydrate concentration ([5 %). Moreover, the total characteristic patterns of raw materials and end products of P. atlantica Desf. oleoresin were monitored by thermogravimetry/differential thermal analysis. The results showed significant variations in the thermal behaviour of genuine and adulterated samples, so it can be introduced as a rapid, cheap and accurate marker for adulteration detection in P. atlantica Desf. oleoresin and is preferable to GC-MS analysis.

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Sustainability of wild pistachio (Pistacia atlantica Desf.) in Zagros forests, Iran

Cited by 50 publications

References 9 publications

Was the 4.2 ka Event an Anthropogenic Disaster?

Was the 4.2 ka Event an Anthropogenic Disaster?

A robust approach to generate canopy cover maps using UltraCam-D derived orthoimagery classified by support vector machines in Zagros woodlands, West Iran

Top-down thermal analysis versus bottom-up gas chromatography–mass spectrometry in an adulteration study of Pistacia atlantica Desf. oleoresin

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