Sustainability through green processing – novel process windows intensify micro and milli process technologies

Hessel, Volker; Kralisch, Dana; Krtschil, Ulrich

doi:10.1039/b810396h

Cited by 87 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…For these reasons, the chemical industry has started to explore different means of so-called " process intensifi cation " technologies, which demand abrupt changes in traditional processing and a search for game-changing improvements [1 -5] . The idea to deliberately explore harsh or otherwise very unusual process conditions for process intensifi cation of chemical reactions is a recent concept termed " novel process windows " [1,6] . Here, the general notion is to operate at conditions that considerably increase reaction rates while maintaining selectivity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The design of new and improved chemical processing techniques that are economically viable and at the same time follow the principles of sustainable chemical process development ( " green process engineering " ) are of paramount importance to the chemical industry [1] . Radical improvements in this area are likely to be achieved only by a complete reorganization of production processes, including new reactor confi gurations and novel process conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Microwave-assisted continuous flow synthesis on industrial scale

Morschhäuser

Krull

Kayser

et al. 2012

Green Processing and Synthesis

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A continuous fl ow microwave system based on a transmission line short-circuited waveguide reactor concept is described. The continuous fl ow reactor is capable of operating in a genuine high-temperature/high-pressure process window (310 ° C/60 bar), applying a microwave transparent and chemical resistant cylindrical γ -Al 2 O 3 tube as reaction zone. The system can be operated in an extremely energy effi cient manner, utilizing 0.6 -6 kW microwave power (2.45 GHz). The application of the reactor for processing four chemical transformations in a high-temperature/high-pressure regime with a throughout of 3.5 -6.0 l/h is demonstrated.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microwave-assisted continuous flow synthesis on industrial scale

Morschhäuser

Krull

Kayser

et al. 2012

Green Processing and Synthesis

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“…It was shown that the process intensification achieved for the continuously operated aqueous Kolbe-Schmitt synthesis from resorcinol with its significant re- duction of the reaction time can positively influence the operational costs. From the environmental point of view, the continuously operated Kolbe-Schmitt synthesis in aqueous solutions is more beneficial than implementation of ionic liquids or DIMCARB [20] as reactive media, e.g., the global warming potential (GWP) is comparable or better than for other routes [17,19] and the reduction of the reaction time and the related increase of the space-time yield leads to a significant reduction of the cumulative energy demand (CED) [18]. Also, the harsh operation conditions of the pilot plant were proven to be successful for an increase of the productivity of the aqueous Kolbe-Schmitt synthesis [19].…”

Section: Economic and Ecological Implications Of The Intensified Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kolbe‐Schmitt Flow Synthesis in Aqueous Solution – From Lab Capillary Reactor to Pilot Plant

et al. 2013

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Significant process intensification was achieved for the continuously operated Kolbe-Schmitt synthesis of 2,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (b-resorcylic acid) on laboratory scale by using different approaches opening novel process windows. The results of the optimal process variant, both from the economic and ecological view, were scaled up to the pilot scale. In a first step, the synthesis from resorcinol in aqueous potassium hydrogen carbonate solution was transferred from the capillary reactor to a tailor-made electrically heated microstructured reactor comprising 40 microchannels and enabling a 25-fold increase of the capacity. In a second step, a pilot plant comprising three of such reactors operated in parallel was built and successfully tested with the same reaction.

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“…One has been proposed by Roy, 2005 which is Enface technology. It is a maskless electrochemical patterning technique which has been previously discussed in a number of publications [13,14,15,19,20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical polarisation behaviour of palladium electrolyte in a mixed system of Pd/Ni/Cu

Widayatno

2018

AIP Conference Proceedings

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Abstract. The possibility of Pd-plated leadframe fabrication using maskless method was investigated. Palladium metallisation was carried out using a maskless electrochemical patterning process on a substrate of copper disc with deposited nickel pattern on its surface. An appropriate palladium electrolyte required for such system has been previously prepared. Onset potential and current densities for palladium deposition was determined. However, palladium pattern deposit could not be obtained, as the substrates were always entirely covered by palladium. This might be due to an instantaneous palladium deposition caused by displacement reaction between Pd and Cu/Ni. Therefore, a set of voltammetry experiments has been carried out to study polarisation behaviours of the mixed system Pd/Ni/Cu in a threeelectrode RDE system. These experiments were aimed to determine onset potential of palladium deposition at which displacement reaction could be avoided. However, polarisation curves especially for those of palladium and copper indicate that it was not possible to deposit palladium with no copper dissolution. At any potential where palladium deposition was possibly to occur, it was always accompanied by copper dissolution.

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Sustainability through green processing – novel process windows intensify micro and milli process technologies

Cited by 87 publications

References 47 publications

Microwave-assisted continuous flow synthesis on industrial scale

Microwave-assisted continuous flow synthesis on industrial scale

Kolbe‐Schmitt Flow Synthesis in Aqueous Solution – From Lab Capillary Reactor to Pilot Plant

Electrochemical polarisation behaviour of palladium electrolyte in a mixed system of Pd/Ni/Cu

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