Sustainable adsorptive removal of antibiotic residues by chitosan composites: An insight into current developments and future recommendations

Abstract

Graphical abstract

Recent developments in alginate-based adsorbents for removing phosphate ions from wastewater: a review

“…[33][34][35][36][37][38] Numerous materials have been applied as adsorbents for the removal of phosphate, including clays, biochar, red mud, metal oxides, layered double hydroxides, cross-linked hydrophilic biopolymers, activated carbon residue, mesoporous silica spheres, lanthanum-based materials, metal-organic frameworks and nanomaterials. [39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50] Among these adsorbents, natural biopolymers are polymeric organic molecules derived from renewable sources such as algae, the exoskeletons of crustaceans and shells, 51 plants, microbial biomass, and animals, as depicted in Fig. 2.…”

“…52,53 Owing to the exceptional structural and physical properties, availability, biocompatibility, and biodegradability of biopolymers, they represent a highly promising choice for the generation of sustainable materials with enhanced adsorption behavior. [54][55][56][57] Consequently, biopolymer-based adsorbents have exhibited fabulous adsorption behavior not only toward phosphates but also toward a wide variety of noxious contaminants, including pharmaceuticals, 51 hydrocarbons, 58 pesticides, 59 uoride, 60 nitrate, 61 heavy metals, 62,63 dyes 64 and nitro-aromatic compounds. 65 Amongst these brilliant biopolymers, anionic alginate (Alg) is a collective family produced from algae and bacteria at a comparatively low cost.…”

Xanthate-Modified Magnetic Fe3O4@SiO2-Based Polyvinyl Alcohol/Chitosan Composite Material for Efficient Removal of Heavy Metal Ions from Water

“…Membranes based on natural biopolymers are used in applications such as microfiltration, ultrafiltration, reverse osmosis, and nanofiltration membrane processes because of their low cost, availability, biodegradability, and natural origin [ 4 ]. The adsorbent chitosan is used extensively to treat water that has been polluted by harmful metal ions, antibiotic residues, and other pollutants, because of its high content of hydroxyl and amino functional groups and its biocompatibility, low toxicity, and biodegradability [ 25 , 26 , 27 ]. Chitosan has several shortcomings that limit its practical application: mechanical instability, sensitivity to pH, a challenging separation and recovery process, and low equilibrium capacity [ 28 ].…”

Characterization and Mechanistic Study of Heavy Metal Adsorption by Facile Synthesized Magnetic Xanthate-Modified Chitosan/Polyacrylic Acid Hydrogels

“…Chitosan is an excellent candidate for adsorption of heavy metal ions from aqueous solutions because of its multiple chelation sites, as well as amino and hydroxyl groups that attract metal ions through coordination bonds or ion exchange [ 9 , 10 ]. Many studies have focused on evaluating the adsorption properties of chitosan and its modified forms for removal of various heavy metals [ 11 , 12 ].…”