Sustainable agricultural waste diversity: advances in green energy and materials production

The potential of industry 4.0 for renewable energy and materials development – The case of multinational energy companies

“…According to projections, global energy demand is expected to increase by 25% by 2040, necessitating the integration of Renewable Energy Sources (RES) into the existing power grid infrastructure [ 4 ]. However, the adoption of RES can present challenges, including the unpredictability of these sources, voltage and frequency synchronization, immature technology, energy storage, and cyber security concerns [ 13 , 14 ]. Despite these obstacles, continued advancements in renewable energy technologies, energy storage solutions, and smart grid infrastructure are improving the viability and effectiveness of this approach.…”

“…According to literature, IoT sensors and data analytics can be used to monitor and optimize the performance of solar and wind energy systems, while artificial intelligence algorithms can predict and prevent equipment failures [ 28 ]. Similarly, I4.0 technologies are also being used to develop new renewable energy sources, such as advanced biofuels and hydrogen fuel cells [ 13 ]. In the materials development sector, I4.0 technologies are being used to improve the efficiency and sustainability of materials production processes [ 29 ].…”

“…In this regard, automated solutions, such as field energy measurement systems, have the potential to provide data on energy consumption as well as machine/plant efficiency. Adherence to the ISO 50001 standard and the implementation of enterprise-wide energy analysis solutions can aid organizations in designing, implementing, and evaluating measures to enhance efficiency, allocating cost to production units, and complying with legal and audit requirements [ 31 ].…”

Brazilian Agro-industrial Wastes as Potential Textile and Other Raw Materials: a Sustainable Approach

“…These are directly linked to sustainable industry, infrastructure, clean energy, and responsible consumption and production, which relate to the efficient use of natural resources and reduction of waste (Ishak et al 2021). The promoted actions by World Summit on Sustainable Development in 2000 reveal that resource management and distribution are approaches to controlling global depletion in ecosystem conservation (Onu and Mbohwa 2021b). Regarding the 2030 Agenda with a focus on food and agriculture transformation, the 2nd key principle for sustainability is "protecting and enhancing natural resources," which includes "improving soil health and restoring the land; protect water and manage scarcity; conserve biodiversity and protect ecosystem functions; reduce losses and encourage reuse and recycling and promote sustainable consumption" (FAO 2018, p.18).…”

“…The content of organic matter prioritizes its application on 4 main fronts: (i) animal fodder; (ii) briquetting; (iii) biogas; and (iv) composting; moreover, there is a surplus input for exploration in other industrial applications (El-Haggar 2007b). One of the main difficulties in the converting process of biomass into products is the transport and storage protocol, in addition to the knowledge of the operational techniques that should be applied (Onu and Mbohwa 2021b). For Laudes Foundation (2021), the domestic uses such as forage, animal bedding, mulch, and compost use a small part of the waste.…”