Sustainable and Ecofriendly Approach of Managing Soil Born Bacterium Ralstonia solanacearum (Smith) Using Dried Powder of Conyza canadensis

Abstract

Bacterial wilt disease caused by Ralstonia solanacearum is a devastating plant disease that inflicts heavy losses to the large number of economic host plants it infects. The potential of dried powder of the Conyza canadensis to control bacterial wilt (BW) of tomato was explored in vitro and in planta. Three application times (16 days before transplanting (DBT), 8 DBT and 0 DBT), three plastic-mulch durations (10 days plastic mulching (DPM), 5DPM and 0DPM) and four doses viz. 0 g, 8 g, 16 g and 24 g of the plant powder were evaluated. SEM analysis was also conducted to observe the change in bacterial cell morphology. Ethanol extract of dried C. canadensis in different concentrations inhibited the in vitro growth of R. solanacearum by as much as 98% of that produced by ampicillin. As evident from the scanning electron micrograph, the highest concentration produced severe morphologic changes, such as rupture of the bacterial cell walls and cell contents leaked out. Results from application time and dose experiment demonstrated that the highest powder dose viz. 24 g kg−1 mixed with infested soil 16 DBT gave maximum root length (34.0 ± 2.5 cm), plant height (74.3 ± 4.7 cm), fresh biomass (58.3 ± 4.3 g), reduction in bacterial population (1.52 log10) and resulted in lowest AUDPC value (1156.6). In case of mulching duration and dose experiment the maximum root length (39.6 ± 3.2 cm), plant height (78.3 ± 5.8 cm), fresh biomass (65.6 ± 4.9 g) reduction in bacterial population (1.59 log10) and lowest AUDPC value (1251.6) was achieved through the application of highest powder dose viz. 24 g kg−1 and longest plastic mulching duration of 10 DPM. The better results of highest dose and longer application time can be explained on the basis of higher amounts of anti-microbial plant bio-active compounds in highest dose and the longer exposure time of the pathogen to these chemicals. The better results of longer mulching duration are due to faster and more complete decomposition (because of 10-days-long plastic-mulch-provided increased solar heat) of the dried powder which produced more amounts of volatile and non-volatile bactericidal compounds. Our results clearly suggest that the use of 24 g kg−1 dried plant powder of C. canadensis plastic-mulched for two weeks could be used as a reliable component of the integrated disease management program against BW.

The use of botanicals as pesticides: History, development and emerging challenges

“…oryzae; and thus, decreasing bacterial leaf blight of rice in greenhouse (Sateesh et al, 2004;Meena et al, 2013;Sharma et al, 2021). Potato plants are effectively protected from bacterial wilt caused by a pathogenic bacteria called Ralstonia solanacearum through application of aqueous extracts of Hibiscus sabdariffa, Punica granatum, and Eucalyptus globulus in both greenhouse and field trials (Hassan et al, 2009;Chen et al, 2020). Pseudomonas syringae pv -a bacterial strain that can infect a wide range of species, Xanthomonas vesicatoria -a bacterium that causes bacterial leaf spot (BLS) on peppers and tomatoes, and Clavibacter michiganensis subsp -that cause bacterial canker of tomato; are all effectively inhibited by extracts of extract of Allium sativum (Balestra et al, 2009;Chen et al, 2018;Siddiqua et al, 2023).…”

Colored Plastic Mulch Effects on Plant Performance and Disease Suppression in Organically Grown Bell Pepper (Capsicum annuum)

“…Murphy et al (2009) observed that reflective plastic mulch reduced watermelon mosaic virus incidence and yield losses in squash. Recently, plastic mulching was demonstrated to contribute to the management of the soilborne plant pathogenic bacterium Ralstonia solanacearum cause of bacterial wilt of solanaceous crops such as tomato (Chen et al, 2020). In Alabama and the southeastern US, plasticulture is gaining attention in organic production systems to manage weeds and plant diseases and produce healthy organic fruits and vegetables.…”

Green Synthesis of ZnO Nanoparticles Using <i>Ca</i><i>esalpinia sappan</i> Leaf Extracts and its Antibacterial Activity on <i>Ralstonia solanacearum</i>

“…Ralstonia solanacearum, which causes bacterial wilt, affects more than 450 plant species in tropical, subtropical and warm temperate regions [1]. Ralstonia solanacearum is economically important soil-borne pathogen that affects important crops in the Philippines including tobacco, ginger, tomato, potato, peanut, eggplant and banana [2,3]. It can cause 35-90 % yield loss depending on the crops.…”