Sustainable approach toward novel poly(vinyl chloride) composite using calcite‐rich waste particulates

Abstract

In this study, flexible poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) composites with two different types of fillers, precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC) and marble waste (MW) particulates, were prepared via melt processing. The MW collected from a dumping site, had a particle size of approximately 60 μm and high calcite content. The content of fillers and plasticizer was varied to study the effect on the properties of the composites. It was found that at higher plasticizer content (30 phr), MW afforded up to 9% higher tensile strength compared to PCC, indicating a better interfacial adhesion of MW particulates with the matrix. However, at lower plasticizer content (15 phr), composites with PCC exhibited slightly higher tensile strength. Additionally, at high plasticizer content, the addition of MW up to 10 phr afforded better tensile strength than pure PVC.When the composites were fully submerged in the water for 48 h at elevated temperature (60 C), composite with MW had a slightly higher water absorption (0.4-1.4%) compared to PCC-filled composites. Also, composite with higher plasticizer showed elevated water uptake at any particular filler content. The study categorically proves the potential of MW in flexible PVC formulations as a cost-effective sustainable filler.

Exploring the synergistic effect of inorganic and organic particulates in polyvinyl chloride composites through comparative analysis and accelerated weathering

“…Upon addition of MW and CC in the composite the strength obtained was 29.25 and 28.26 MPa respectively which is almost same for both types of filler. This decrease in tensile strength upon addition of inorganic micro‐fillers can be explained by the fact that as the filler content increases, the interfacial zone increases and the stress concentration near the distributed filler particles increases, leading to early failure of the composites, 40 which was also reported in previous research work 41 . The addition of bamboo sawdust in the composites led to decrement of the tensile strength for both the filled and unfilled composites, these cellulose‐based natural micro fillers with high levels of hydroxyl groups (OH) can absorb moisture and cause swelling in the polymer chain.…”

“…This decrease in tensile strength upon addition of inorganic micro-fillers can be explained by the fact that as the filler content increases, the interfacial zone increases and the stress concentration near the distributed filler particles increases, leading to early failure of the composites, 40 which was also reported in previous research work. 41 The addition of bamboo sawdust in the composites led to decrement of the tensile strength for both the filled and unfilled composites, these cellulosebased natural micro fillers with high levels of hydroxyl groups ( OH) can absorb moisture and cause swelling in the polymer chain. In turn, this swelling generates a significant pressure within the polymer matrix, which has the potential to degrade the mechanical characteristics.…”

Contribution of surface silanization process on mechanical characteristics of TPU‐based composites involving feldspar and quartz minerals

“…[ 61,62 ] Similarly, the silane‐modified QRZ and FLS phase restricted the water diffusion by donating hydrophobicity to the mineral surface in addition to improved TPU‐mineral interface adhesion. [ 63–66 ]…”

“…[61,62] Similarly, the silane-modified QRZ and FLS phase restricted the water diffusion by donating hydrophobicity to the mineral surface in addition to improved TPU-mineral interface adhesion. [63][64][65][66] QRZ-containing composite gave a lower amount of water uptake compared to FLS-filled composite due to the presence of some compounds other than silica such as aluminum oxide and sodium oxide in the structure of FLS mineral as given in Table S1. The silica-rich composition of QRZ resulted in lower water absorption relative to FLS.…”