Sustainable bulk scale cationization of cotton hosiery fabrics for salt-free reactive dyeing process

Arivithamani, Nallathambi; Dev, V. R. Giri

doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.02.162

Cited by 61 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…After CHPTMAC has reacted with sodium hydroxide, epoxy groups are formed in CHPTMAC. CHPTMAC reacts easily with cotton in the pad‐irradiate process but also with water to produce by‐products because the epoxy groups are highly reactive, especially under alkaline conditions . The reaction between CHPTMAC and cotton or water is shown in Figure .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, research is needed toward the application of reactive dyes using low‐salt content or salt‐free technology. The method where the cotton fabric is modified with a cationizing agent and then dyed is one of the most important recently reported directions …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The method where the cotton fabric is modified with a cationizing agent and then dyed is one of the most important recently reported directions. 4 The use of a reactive dye during the dyeing of cationic cotton is often modified after the pretreatment step. Cationic modification of cotton can be done via a pad-bake or an exhausting process and is performed on the cotton fabric before the reactive dye.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Facile salt‐free process for cotton fabric dyeing: Pad‐irradiate‐pad‐steam process using 3‐chloro‐2‐hydroxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride

Chang

et al. 2019

Env Prog and Sustain Energy

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Severe effluent pollution has set new requirements for eliminating the use of salts during the reactive dyeing of cotton. In this study, 3‐chloro‐2‐hydroxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride was used as an etherifying agent via a pad‐irradiate‐pad‐steam process with a reactive dye to cationize cotton. The fabric underwent a microwave‐assisted pad‐irradiate process, and the cationic fabric was dyed salt‐free using a reactive dye in a pad‐steam process. The influence of etherifying conditions on the nitrogen content, grafting efficiency of the cotton samples, and dyeing properties of cationic cotton fabrics were investigated. Cationic cotton samples have the same dyeability with a reactive dye without salt as with dyes used in a conventional pad‐dry‐pad‐steam process because of the increase in the electrostatic attraction between the dye and the cationic cotton. Such an approach that eliminates salts is beneficial to environmental protection. Properties of the dyed cotton (such as color evenness, washing, and rubbing fastness) obtained using the reactive dye made the cotton fabric wearable enough to satisfy standard requirements.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Facile salt‐free process for cotton fabric dyeing: Pad‐irradiate‐pad‐steam process using 3‐chloro‐2‐hydroxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride

Chang

et al. 2019

Env Prog and Sustain Energy

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“…CHPTMAC has been previously used to modify cotton fabrics to improve the dyeability when using reactive dyes . Epoxy groups are formed by the dehydrochlorination of CHPTMAC under an alkaline condition.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In order to solve the problem of salt pollution and improve dye uptake, the affinity between the dye and cotton must be improved. Cationizing the cotton fiber is the most direct and effective method to improve dyeing with anionic dyes, which is usually performed before the dyeing with a reactive dye by a pad‐bake process or an exhaust method . However, all these processes have disadvantages, including a long duration, high‐energy consumption, and the existence of several influencing factors .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of the cationizing condition in salt‐free reactive dyeing of cotton fabric with the pad‐irradiate‐pad‐steam process using response surface methodology

Tao

et al. 2019

Env Prog and Sustain Energy

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Response surface methodology is widely used in the optimization of dyeing conditions. Herein, the color strength and dye fixation rate of the cotton fabric dyed by pad-irradiate-pad-steam (PIPS) process were determined and compared to by conventional paddry-pad-steam (PDPS) process. Then the response surface methodology and central composite design were used to optimize the cationizing conditions during the padirradiation step of the process to obtain high color strength during the subsequent salt-free reactive dyeing of the cotton fabric via a pad-steam process. The obtained experimental data were fitted to the second-order polynomial equation, and response surface plots and contour plots were used to identify the optimal cationizing condition, the 3-chloro−2-hydroxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride concentration of 104 g/L, the microwave irradiation power of 537 W, the treatment time of 6 min, and the molar ratio of sodium hydroxide to 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride of 1.02. The results showed that the experimental color strength of the cotton fabrics was in close agreement with the value predicted by the model and the optimal cationizing condition was obtained precisely. K E Y W O R D S central composite design, pad-irradiate-pad-steam process, reactive dye, response surface methodology, salt-free dyeing

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Prediction of Residual Dye Using Machine Learning Algorithms for an Eco-Friendly Dyeing Process

Lee,

Choi,

Sajadieh

et al. 2023

IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology

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Sustainable bulk scale cationization of cotton hosiery fabrics for salt-free reactive dyeing process

Cited by 61 publications

References 24 publications

Facile salt‐free process for cotton fabric dyeing: Pad‐irradiate‐pad‐steam process using 3‐chloro‐2‐hydroxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride

Facile salt‐free process for cotton fabric dyeing: Pad‐irradiate‐pad‐steam process using 3‐chloro‐2‐hydroxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride

Optimization of the cationizing condition in salt‐free reactive dyeing of cotton fabric with the pad‐irradiate‐pad‐steam process using response surface methodology

Prediction of Residual Dye Using Machine Learning Algorithms for an Eco-Friendly Dyeing Process

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