Sustainable cross-linked poly(glycerol–co–δ–valerolactone) urethane substrates and multipurpose transparent electrodes for wearable electronics

Guruprasad Reddy, Pulikanti; Barua, Amit; Laukkanen, Timo; Mostafiz, Bahar; Tirri, Teija; Vainio, Akseli; Sharma, Vipul

doi:10.1016/j.cej.2024.153531

Cited by 3 publications

References 61 publications

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Biodegradable, Self‐Adhesive, Stretchable, Transparent, and Versatile Electronic Skins Based on Intrinsically Hydrophilic Poly(Caproactone‐Urethane) Elastomer

Reddy,

Sharma,

Parihar

et al. 2024

Adv Eng Mater

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In biomedical sciences, there is a demand for electronic skins with highly sensitive tactile sensors that have applications in patient monitoring, human–machine interfaces, and on‐body sensors. Sensor fabrication requires high‐performance conductive surfaces that are transparent, breathable, flexible, and easy to fabricate. It is also preferable if the electrodes are easily processable as wastes, for example, are degradable. In this work, the design and fabrication of hydrophilic silanol/amine‐terminated poly(caprolactone‐urethane) (SA‐PCLU) elastomer‐based breathable, stretchable, and biodegradable electrodes are reported. Ag nanowires dispersed in water are sprayed onto the intrinsically hydrophilic electrospun SA‐PCLU that became embedded into the scaffold and formed conformal hydrophilic polyurethane‐based conductive networks (HPCN). The electrodes are used to fabricate capacitive, curvature, and strain sensors, all having monomaterial composition. In addition to displaying particularly good transparencies at low sheet resistances, stretchability, hydrophilicity, and tight and conformal bonding with the target surface, the electrodes also allow the evaporation of perspiration, making them suitable for epidermal sensors for long‐time use. The application of the HPCN electrodes in flexible electronics and bionic skin applications is demonstrated through gesture monitoring experiments and swelling sensors.

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Biodegradable, Self‐Adhesive, Stretchable, Transparent, and Versatile Electronic Skins Based on Intrinsically Hydrophilic Poly(Caproactone‐Urethane) Elastomer

Reddy,

Sharma,

Parihar

et al. 2024

Adv Eng Mater

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Sustainable castor oil-derived cross-linked poly(ester-urethane) elastomeric films for stretchable transparent conductive electrodes and heaters

Laukkanen,

Reddy,

Barua

et al. 2024

J. Mater. Chem. A

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Biomimetic Freestanding Microfractals for Flexible Electronics

Barua,

Gogoi,

Reddy

et al. 2024

Preprint

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The microfractals of leaf skeletons can be effective substrates for flexible electronics due to their high surface-to-volume ratio, transparency, breathability and flexibility. The challenge lies in replicating these fractal surfaces at the microscale in a way that is scalable, freestanding, and integrable with various materials. In this study, we present a novel method for the biomimetic microfabrication of leaf-skeleton-based fractal surfaces. We utilized a modified electrospinning method, replacing the fiber collector with a metalized biotic collector to replicate the microstructures. The biomimetic microfractals demonstrated over 90% replication accuracy, > 80% transparency, good stretchability, and breathability, and were freestanding. The method is versatile, allowing for the use of a wide range of polymers in biomimetic microfabrication. For application in flexible electronics, biomimetic conductive fractal patterns (BCFP) were fabricated by immobilizing Ag Nanowires (AgNW) using a simple spray-based method. The BCFP exhibited high conductivity with sheet resistances < 20 Ω sq− 1 while maintaining good transparencies. The BCFP adheres conformally to human skin, acting as an electronic skin (e-skin). To demonstrate the application, the BCFP was used to fabricate a tactile pressure sensor. In addition to their excellent transparency at low sheet resistances, stretchability, moisture resistance, and tight conformal bonding with the target surface, the BCFP also allows the evaporation of perspiration, making them suitable for long-term use as epidermal sensors. The application of BCFP in advanced bionic skin was demonstrated through gesture monitoring experiments.

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Sustainable cross-linked poly(glycerol–co–δ–valerolactone) urethane substrates and multipurpose transparent electrodes for wearable electronics

Cited by 3 publications

References 61 publications

Biodegradable, Self‐Adhesive, Stretchable, Transparent, and Versatile Electronic Skins Based on Intrinsically Hydrophilic Poly(Caproactone‐Urethane) Elastomer

Biodegradable, Self‐Adhesive, Stretchable, Transparent, and Versatile Electronic Skins Based on Intrinsically Hydrophilic Poly(Caproactone‐Urethane) Elastomer

Sustainable castor oil-derived cross-linked poly(ester-urethane) elastomeric films for stretchable transparent conductive electrodes and heaters

Biomimetic Freestanding Microfractals for Flexible Electronics

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