Sustainable Development of Alkali-Activated Bricks using Cinders

Abstract

This study investigates the feasibility and efficacy of utilizing cinder, a byproduct of industrial processes, as a fine aggregate in the production of geopolymer bricks. Geopolymer technology offers a promising alternative to conventional brick manufacturing methods by utilizing industrial by-product materials and reducing the environmental impact associated with traditional clay brick production. The research focuses on optimizing the geopolymer formulation by varying the proportions of cinder, alkali activator, and other additives to achieve desirable properties such as compressive strength, and durability performance. Mechanical property compressive strength is evaluated along with durability aspects such as water absorption, and efflorescence. For this purpose, five different brick compositions were synthesized with fly ash, GGBS, and Cinder along with Na2SiO3sol.The raw materials underwent characterization through different methods including X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The resulting bricks exhibited a peak compressive strength of 12.11 MPa and a minimal water absorption rate of 15%. Notably, the use of 8% Na2SiO3as an alkaline activator, combined with fly ash and GGBS, enabled the incorporation of over 30% cinder, resulting in the production of high-quality bricks under ambient curing conditions.The results demonstrate the potential of incorporating cinder as a fine aggregate in geopolymer bricks, offering a sustainable solution for waste utilization and contributing to the development of environmentally friendly building materials.