Sustainable Disposal of Domestic Sanitary Waste

Ashley, Richard; Blackwood, David J.; Souter, N.; Hendry, Sarah; Moir, James; Dunkerley, Judith; Davies, John W.; Butler, David; Cook, Andrew J.; Conlin, Jim; Squibbs, Martin; Britton, Andrew J.; Goldie, Peter

doi:10.1061/(asce)0733-9372(2005)131:2(206)

Cited by 43 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…However, many sewer operators have expressed doubts as to whether these types of campaigns really have any effect (Mattsson et al, 2014b). In the UK, several years of study and campaigning with communities to discourage the introduction into the WC of 'solid wastes' such as hygiene products proved effective only provided the right message and engagement vehicles were employed (Ashley et al, 2005). However, reliance on Public Relations organisations for engagement and the use of unscientific slogans has since reversed this effectiveness and the public continue to flush these items rather than put them into the solid waste route (Brown et al, 2006).…”

Section: Source Separation Of Fogmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…In this type of household, waste is to the greatest extent possible diverted from wastewater to the solid waste fraction, including hygiene products and toilet paper (e.g. Ashley et al, 2005). FWDs have been phased out or not taken up at all and kitchen practices are to a large extent based on what Hentze (1997) calls "clean tech cooking".…”

Section: Less Waste Into the Wastewater Fractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impacts and managerial implications for sewer systems due to recent changes to inputs in domestic wastewater – A review

Mattsson

Hedström

Ashley

et al. 2015

Journal of Environmental Management

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Section: Source Separation Of Fogmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Less Waste Into the Wastewater Fractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts and managerial implications for sewer systems due to recent changes to inputs in domestic wastewater – A review

Mattsson

Hedström

Ashley

et al. 2015

Journal of Environmental Management

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“…In many countries, domestic inputs of household waste to the sewage system are largely uncontrolled. Therefore, PBMs associated with personal hygiene products, such as condoms, cotton buds (Ashley et al 2005;Williams and Simmons 1999), and microscopic PE beads found in some hand cleaners and facial scrubs (Fendall and Sewell 2009), as well as microscopic fibers (acrylic) shed from cloths during washing (Zubris and Richards 2005) can constitute a portion of this waste stream. Larger items are generally removed by screening methods, but may enter the environment during sewage overflow events that occur during periods of heavy rainfall.…”

Section: Sewage-related Debris (Srd)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence, Degradation, and Effect of Polymer-Based Materials in the Environment

Lambert

Sinclair

Boxall

2013

Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology

161

151

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There is now a plethora of polymer-based materials (PBMs) on the market, because of the increasing demand for cheaper consumable goods, and light-weight industrial materials. Each PBM constitutes a mixture of their representative polymer/sand their various chemical additives. The major polymer types are polyethylene, polypropylene,and polyvinyl chloride, with natural rubber and biodegradable polymers becoming increasingly more important. The most important additives are those that are biologically active, because to be effective such chemicals often have properties that make them resistant to photo-degradation and biodegradation. During their lifecycle,PBMs can be released into the environment form a variety of sources. The principal introduction routes being general littering, dumping of unwanted waste materials,migration from landfills and emission during refuse collection. Once in the environment,PBMs are primarily broken down by photo-degradation processes, but due to the complex chemical makeup of PBMs, receiving environments are potentially exposed to a mixture of macro-, meso-, and micro-size polymer fragments, leached additives, and subsequent degradation products. In environments where sunlight is absent (i.e., soils and the deep sea) degradation for most PBMs is minimal .The majority of literature to date that has addressed the environmental contamination or disposition of PBMs has focused on the marine environment. This is because the oceans are identified as the major sink for macro PBMs, where they are known to present a hazard to wildlife via entanglement and ingestion. The published literature has established the occurrence of microplastics in marine environment and beach sediments, but is inadequate as regards contamination of soils and freshwater sediments. The uptake of microplastics for a limited range of aquatic organisms has also been established, but there is a lack of information regarding soil organisms, and the long-term effects of microplastic uptake are also less well understood.There is currently a need to establish appropriate degradation test strategies consistent with realistic environmental conditions, because the complexity of environmental systems is lost when only one process (e.g., hydrolysis) is assessed in isolation. Enhanced methodologies are also needed to evaluate the impact of PBMs to soil and freshwater environments.

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“…Several approaches towards a more comprehensive sustainability appraisal have been developed (e.g. Hellströ m et al, 2000;Lundin and Morrison, 2002;Lundie et al, 2004;Ashley et al, 2005). However, in rural areas with high costs per user, mainly costs were decisive for choosing between different options for water infrastructure projects (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Design of an institutional decision-making process: The case of urban water management

Starkl

Brunner²,

Flögl³

et al. 2009

Journal of Environmental Management

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Sustainable Disposal of Domestic Sanitary Waste

Cited by 43 publications

References 9 publications

Impacts and managerial implications for sewer systems due to recent changes to inputs in domestic wastewater – A review

Impacts and managerial implications for sewer systems due to recent changes to inputs in domestic wastewater – A review

Occurrence, Degradation, and Effect of Polymer-Based Materials in the Environment

Design of an institutional decision-making process: The case of urban water management

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