Sustainable Durio zibethinus-Derived Biosorbents for Congo Red Removal from Aqueous Solution: Statistical Optimization, Isotherms and Mechanism Studies

Abstract

This investigation reports on the biosorption mechanism of Congo Red dyes (CR) in aqueous solution using acid-treated durian peels, prepared for this study. The biosorbent nature was characterized using the Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Brunaure-Emmet-Teller (BET). The effect of process parameters within operational range of pH (2–9), contact time (10–200 min), initial concentration (25–400 mg g−1) and temperature (25–65 °C) for the optimum removal of CR dyes was investigated using central composite design (CCD) under response surface methodology (RSM), and revealed that the optimum condition of biosorption was achieved around a pH of 5.5, contact time of 105 min at initial concentration of 212.5 mg L−1 within 45 °C temperature, which corresponds to 95.2% percent removal of CR. The experimental data fitted better to the second order polynomial model, with a correlation coefficient R2 value of 0.9917 and the Langmuir isotherm model with biosorption capacity of 107.52 mg g−1. Gibbs free energy indicated that the adsorption of CR dyes was spontaneous. The mechanism of the adsorption of CR dyes revealed that the biosorption of CR dyes investigated under different operational conditions show that under acidic pH, the adsorption efficiency of the acid treated durian peels is enhanced for the adsorption of CR dye molecules.

Removal of Organic Dyes from Aqueous Solutions by Activated Carbons Prepared from Residue of Supercritical Extraction of Marigold

“…For the other organic dyes studied, the opposite relation was observed. Analysis of literature data indicates that at low pH, the percentage of removal of an anionic dye increases, while at high pH it decreases [ 25 , 31 ]. The impact of pH of the dye solution was particularly well seen for the adsorption of methyl red and methylene blue from their water solutions on the carbon adsorbents studied.…”

“…According to the Temkin model, the heat of adsorption decreases linearly with increasing surface coverage [ 25 , 26 ]. where q e is the amount of the dye adsorbed at equilibrium [mg/g], C e is the equilibrium concentration of the dye [mg/L], B constant relates to the heat of adsorption and is expressed in terms of B = RT/B T , B T is the Temkin constant [J/mol], R stands for the gas constant (8.314 J/mol K), A T Temkin isotherm equilibrium binding constant [L/mg].…”

“…In order to investigate the kinetics of organic dyes adsorption on activated carbons, the pseudo-first and the pseudo-second order models were applied to experimental data [ 16 , 25 ]. The linear equation of the pseudo-first-order kinetic model takes the following form: where: q e , q t —is the amount of the adsorbed dye [mg/g], t—time [min], k 1 —is the pseudo-first order adsorption constant [1/min].…”

Assessment of Ismailia Canal for irrigation purposes by water quality indices

“…Wastewater discharges that have not been properly regulated have an immediate and long-term impact on consumers’ health (Goher et al, 2014 ). Because of the high concentration of organic pollutants that are hazardous to the aquatic environment and affect the health of the flora and fauna, the discharge of effluent without sufficient treatment greatly impacts the ecosystem (Oyekanmi et al, 2021 ).…”

Archives of Environmental Protection

“…The discharge of the waste can constitute environmental problems. In contrast, if these wastes can be used as the source of clean energy, the local environment can be protected at the same time (Oyekanmi et al 2021a, Oyekanmi et al 2021b). In addition, the cellulose yield of JAS is over twice that of corn straw, rice straw, bagasse, and wheat straw, thus rendering it a high-potential raw material for biofuel research (Gunnarsson et al 2014, Ciccoli et al 2018.…”