Sustainable eco-technologies for water and wastewater treatment

Abstract

One of the major challenges in the world is to provide clean water and sanitation for all. With 3% fresh water reserves in the earth, there are more than 1 billion people who still lack access to clean drinking water. The declining water quality

Brilliant Red HE-3B Dye Biosorption by Immobilized Residual Consortium Bacillus sp. Biomass: Fixed-Bed Column Studies

“…It is obvious that the natural environment is deteriorating more and more and that ecological systems can no longer adapt to the pressure of anthropogenic factors [1][2][3]. In this context, there have been numerous methods and technologies developed over time for the depollution of environmental components, depending on the polluted matrix, the nature of the polluting species, and the subsequent use of the decontaminated element (water, air, soil) [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. Each of these methods and techniques has a number of advantages and disadvantages, the main impediments sometimes being related to high or even prohibitive costs, the impossibility of achieving complete depollution in a single stage, the generation of by-products with polluting potential, and the production of waste, which must be included in a new process of recovery and treatment, respectively.…”

“…Adsorption continues to be among the often applied methods to retain certain categories of organic or inorganic pollutants, due mainly to advantages that are difficult to neglect: equipment for applications is easy to design and operate under advantageous conditions, the possibility of using a wide range of adsorbent materials (well-known commercial adsorbents, or "low cost" ones), and application-dependent in terms of the type of pollutant and the required process conditions. One alternative to adsorption onto commercial adsorbents (activated carbon, silica gel, exchangeable resins) is the use of residual biomass or different (bio)adsorbents capable of replacing the above mentioned well-known commercial adsorbents [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15]. In this context, a viable treatment technique with vast practical applications is biosorption, a separation method that is based on the formation of extracellular and intracellular bonds, interactions that are dependent on the nature of the chemical species, the structure of the biosorptive material, the microbial metabolism, and the transport process [14,15,17,19].…”