Following severe injury, not just the skin but also the subcutis may be destroyed. Consequently, the developing scar can become adherent to underlying structures. Reconstruction of the subcutis can be achieved by autologous fat grafting. Our aim was to evaluate the long-term scar outcome after single-treatment autologous fat grafting using a comprehensive scar evaluation protocol. Scar assessment was performed preoperatively in 40 patients. A 12-month follow-up assessment was performed in 36 patients, using the Cutometer, the Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale, and DSM II ColorMeter. The Cutometer parameters elasticity and maximal extension improved with 28 and 22% (both p < 0.001), respectively. Nearly all scores of the scar assessment scale decreased significantly, which corresponds to improved scar quality. In addition, the mean melanin score was ameliorated over time. Thus, we demonstrated the sustainable effectiveness of single-treatment autologous fat grafting in adherent scars, indicated by improved pliability, and overall scar quality.Over the last decades, the treatment of severely burned patients has improved considerably. However, scarring remains a significant challenge. Scars are not only apparent after burns, but also after other severe injuries such as necrotizing fasciitis or degloving. Injuries severe enough to affect the subcutis destroy the important functional sliding layer between the resulting scar and underlying structures (i.e., muscles, tendons, bone tissue). This ultimately leads to stiff and adherent scars that may limit the affected body part's range of motion.1 In this case, the only available option to partially reconstruct the subcutis is autologous fat grafting, whereby several layers of fat are injected to generate a sliding system between the scar and the underlying structures.Recently, we demonstrated the short-term effectiveness (i.e., 3 months follow-up) of single-treatment autologous fat grafting in adherent scars using a comprehensive scar evaluation protocol.2 Here, we report on the long-term scar outcomes (i.e., 12 months postoperatively) of autologous fat grafting. To our knowledge, this is the first large case-series that provides these data in this rapidly developing field.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Study design and patientsA prospective study with intraindividual follow-up was performed in 40 consecutive adult patients with adherent scars caused by either burns, necrotizing fasciitis, degloving injury, or other trauma. Scar evaluation was performed within 24 hours preoperatively and at 12 months postoperatively. A concise description of the scar evaluation protocol, fat grafting procedure, and statistics is provided below. More detailed information can be found in our publication on the short-term results.