Sustainable energy and fuels from biomass: a review focusing on hydrothermal biomass processing

Alper, Koray; Tekin, Kubilay; Karagöz, Selhan; Ragauskas, Arthur J.

doi:10.1039/d0se00784f

Cited by 211 publications

(97 citation statements)

References 198 publications

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“…† It can be concluded that the intrinsic reaction rates were measured in all experiments and that the reactor can be described by the balance equations of an ideal plug ow reactor. Furthermore, the volume contraction caused by reaction can be accounted for by eqn (6).…”

Section: Reactor Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Kinetics of the direct DME synthesis from CO₂ rich syngas under variation of the CZA-to-γ-Al₂O₃ ratio of a mixed catalyst bed

et al. 2021

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Section: Reactor Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4,5 DME is produced from synthesis gas, which originates from different sources such as coal, natural gas, and waste materials like biomass. [4][5][6] Depending on the raw material and syngas production process, the composition of the syngas may change in a wide range, resulting in a variable feedstock for the DME synthesis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetics of the direct DME synthesis from CO₂ rich syngas under variation of the CZA-to-γ-Al₂O₃ ratio of a mixed catalyst bed

et al. 2021

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“…The energy insecurity posed by the rapid depletion of fossil fuels and the environmental impact of using the fuels have motivated researchers to study biomass as an alternative fuel source for energy production. 1 , 2 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetic Study of the Isothermal Degradation of Pine Sawdust during Torrefaction Process

2021

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The reaction kinetics of solid fuel is a critical aspect of energy production because its energy component is determined during the process. The overall fuel quality is also evaluated to account for a defined energy need. In this study, a two-step first-order reaction mechanism was used to model the rapid mass loss of pine sawdust (PSD) during torrefaction using a thermogravimetric analyzer (Q600 SDT). The kinetic analysis was carried in a MATLAB environment using MATLAB R2020b software. Five temperature regimes including 220, 240, 260, 280, and 300 °C and a retention time of 2 h were used to study the mechanism of the solid fuel reaction. Similarly, a combined demarcation time (i.e., estimating the time that demarcates the first stage and the second stage) and iteration technique was used to determine the actual kinetic parameters describing the fuel’s mass loss during the torrefaction process. The fuel’s kinetic parameters were estimated, while the developed kinetic model for the process was validated using the experimental data. The solid and gas distributions of the components in the reaction mechanism were also reported. The first stage of the degradation process was characterized by the rapid mass loss evident at the start of the torrefaction process. In contrast, the second stage was characterized by the slower mass loss phase, which follows the first stage. The activation energies for the first and second stages were 10.29 and 141.28 kJ/mol, respectively, to form the solids. The developed model was reliable in predicting the mass loss of the PSD. The biochar produced from the torrefaction process contained high amounts of the intermediate product that may benefit energy production. However, the final biochar formed at the end of the process increased with the increase in torrefaction severity (i.e., increase in temperature and time).

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“…Nowadays, fossil fuels shortages have led industries to seek alternative strategies due to the nonrenewability of petroleum, metal mineral, coal and natural gas et al (Li et al 2020). The high energy demand in modern industry has led to an increase in the use of renewable energy, such as wind energy (Zhou et al 2012), tidal energy (Douziech, Hellweg, and Verones 2016), solar energy (Phan et al 2018), biomass energy (Lee et al 2010;Zhang et al 2019) and geothermal energy (Alper et al 2020), because they are not restricted by distribution and content of fossil fuels, without exhaust gases and environmentally friendly procedure. However, these energies have the disadvantages of high operation cost, low e ciency, and large uctuations by climate and environmental conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication of MnO2 nanowires@Ag/cellulose laminated membrane with unidirectional liquid penetration for personal thermal management applications

Chen

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Controllable and reliable fabrication of wearable materials with tunable structures and integrated functionalities are urgently required for personal thermal management. Herein, this highlight presents the fabrication of MnO2 nanowires@Ag/cellulose laminated membrane with infrared insulation, antibacterial and unidirectional liquid penetration properties via orderly vacuum filtration of hydrophobic cellulose, hydrophilic cellulose and ultra-long MnO2 nanowires coated with silver (MnO2 nanowires@Ag). To do this, hydrophobic sugarcane cellulose was obtained by surface modification with silane coupling agent (A151), while hydrophilic sugarcane cellulose was obtained by HNO3 treatment. Silver coated MnO2 nanowires, as the building blocks of laminated membranes, were prepared by magnetron sputtering of silver nanoparticles onto the surfaces of MnO2 nanowires. The characterizations indicated that silver nano coating with high infrared radiation reflectivity and excellent electrical conductivity were successfully fabricated onto MnO2 nanowires surfaces, resulting in infrared insulation properties of the laminated cellulose membranes. In addition, the laminated membranes exhibit excellent unidirectional liquid penetration properties that can enhance the wearing comfort for the laminated cellulose membranes. In the antibacterial tests against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, the laminated membranes exhibit large diameters of inhibition zones, revealing the high antibacterial activity. Moreover, excellent electrical conductivity of silver coating grants the superior Joule heating, generating rapid thermal response and uniform electrical heating at low supply voltage for extra warmth. These results indicate a promising potential of the laminated cellulose membranes for tackling personal thermal management issues related to wearable applications.

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Sustainable energy and fuels from biomass: a review focusing on hydrothermal biomass processing

Abstract: Fossil fuels must be replaced with renewable energy resources to ensure sustainable development, reduce the dependence on fossil fuels, address environmental challenges including climate change.

Cited by 211 publications

References 198 publications

Kinetics of the direct DME synthesis from CO₂ rich syngas under variation of the CZA-to-γ-Al₂O₃ ratio of a mixed catalyst bed

Kinetics of the direct DME synthesis from CO₂ rich syngas under variation of the CZA-to-γ-Al₂O₃ ratio of a mixed catalyst bed

Kinetic Study of the Isothermal Degradation of Pine Sawdust during Torrefaction Process

Fabrication of MnO2 nanowires@Ag/cellulose laminated membrane with unidirectional liquid penetration for personal thermal management applications

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Sustainable energy and fuels from biomass: a review focusing on hydrothermal biomass processing

Abstract: Fossil fuels must be replaced with renewable energy resources to ensure sustainable development, reduce the dependence on fossil fuels, address environmental challenges including climate change.

Cited by 211 publications

References 198 publications

Kinetics of the direct DME synthesis from CO2 rich syngas under variation of the CZA-to-γ-Al2O3 ratio of a mixed catalyst bed

Kinetics of the direct DME synthesis from CO2 rich syngas under variation of the CZA-to-γ-Al2O3 ratio of a mixed catalyst bed

Kinetic Study of the Isothermal Degradation of Pine Sawdust during Torrefaction Process

Fabrication of MnO2 nanowires@Ag/cellulose laminated membrane with unidirectional liquid penetration for personal thermal management applications

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Resources

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Kinetics of the direct DME synthesis from CO₂ rich syngas under variation of the CZA-to-γ-Al₂O₃ ratio of a mixed catalyst bed

Kinetics of the direct DME synthesis from CO₂ rich syngas under variation of the CZA-to-γ-Al₂O₃ ratio of a mixed catalyst bed