Sustainable Energy: Choosing Among Options [Book Review]

Tester, Jeffrey W.; Drake, Elisabeth M.; Driscoll, Michael J.; Golay, Michael W.; Peters, William A.

doi:10.1109/mts.2207.912581

Cited by 93 publications

(157 citation statements)

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“…The sub-ground temperatures are generally warmer in summer but cooler in winter, typically allowing for GHP COP of 4.0, in some cases even better [5]. COP, or the coefficient of performance, is the ratio of heat or cold provided to the amount of electrical energy consumed.…”

Section: Heat Pumpsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heat pumps in subarctic areas: current status and benefits of use in Iceland

Atlason

Oddsson

Unnþórsson

2017

Int J Energy Environ Eng

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Heat pumps use the temperature difference between inside and outside areas to modify a refrigerant, either for heating or cooling. Doing so can lower the need for external heating energy for a household to some extent. The eventual impact depends on various factors, such as the external source for heating or cooling and the temperature difference. The use of heat pumps, and eventual benefits has not been studied in the context of subarctic areas, such as in Iceland. In Iceland, only remote areas do not have access to district heating from geothermal energy where households may, therefore, benefit from using heat pumps. It is the intent of this study to explore the observed benefits of using heat pumps in Iceland, both financially and energetically. This study further elaborates on incentives provided by the Icelandic government. Real data were gathered from the Icelandic energy authority for the analysis. It was found for the study database of 128 households that the annual electricity use was reduced from 37.8 to 26.7 kWh (an average 29.3% reduction) after installation of heat pumps. Large pumps (9.0-14.4 kW) and small pumps (5.0-9.0 kW) saved an average of 31.4 and 26.0% (95% confidence intervals), respectively. On average, households used approximately 26 MWh after installing a heat pump. When installing a small pump (5-9 kW), the mean annual saving (and 95% confidence intervals) was 10.6 (AE2.7) MWh (approximately 26%). However, when installing a larger pump, mean annual savings were 11.3 (AE1.6) MWh (Approximately 31%).

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Section: Heat Pumpsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heat pumps in subarctic areas: current status and benefits of use in Iceland

Atlason

Oddsson

Unnþórsson

2017

Int J Energy Environ Eng

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“…The analysis of biogas being produced by the plants in Pakistan has shown following composition of the gas: Methane (CH 4 ) 60-70%; Carbon Dioxide (CO 2 ) 30-35%; Nitrogen (N 2 ) 1%; Hydrogen (H 2 ) 0.1-0.5%; Carbon Monoxide (CO) 0.1%; Hydrogen Sulfide (H 2 S) Traces [12]. Pure methane has a higher heating value (HHV) of about 37256.97 kilo joules per cubic meter (1000 Btu/SCF) [13]. Keeping in mind, the composition of methane in biogas produced in Pakistan gives a HHV of 22354.…”

Section: A Potential Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of biomass energy resources potential in Pakistan for power generation

Zuberi

Hasany

Tariq

et al. 2013

4th International Conference on Power Engineering, Energy and Electrical Drives

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Abstract-Pakistan is facing severe economic crises due to continuous increasing gap between energy demand and supply. Demand is increasing exponentially and expected to increase more than 66000 MW by 2030 while the supply is observed to remain constant over the last few years due to frozen capacity in spite of having significant renewable/alternate energy resources. Current electricity shortfall has reached up to 6000 MW. This paper investigates the potential of two major biomass energy resources available in Pakistan: Livestock and Bagasse. These resources, if utilized to their full extent for power generation, can contribute up to 42% in the current scenario. The biomass resource quantification is done along with its environmental impact assessment in terms of methane emissions pre and post production of biogas. Economic appeal of biomass energy is demonstrated by a comparative cost analysis among heavy fuel oil, natural gas and biomass (i.e. dung). The ongoing policies and incentives on biomass energy usage, and bottlenecks in making the biomass a component of energy portfolio of Pakistan are also reviewed. The outcomes of this paper might also be applicable to other developing countries having similar resources.

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“…In general, the financial and energy costs should be directly related. However, the economics of energy production includes many variables that can skew this relationship [45,46]. The energy required to produce renewable diesel (direct and indirect), E RD , in joules per liter, can be calculated as Table 3 Financial costs, energy requirements, and return on investment for renewable diesel production…”

Section: Energymentioning

confidence: 99%

A Framework to Report the Production of Renewable Diesel from Algae

et al. 2010

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Recently, algae have received significant interest as a potential feedstock for renewable diesel (such as biodiesel), and many researchers have attempted to quantify this potential. Some of these attempts are less useful because they have not incorporated specific values of algal lipid content, have not included processing inefficiencies, or omitted processing steps required for renewable diesel production. Furthermore, the associated energy, materials, and costs requirements are sometimes omitted. The accuracy and applicability of these estimates can be improved by using data that are more specific, including all relevant information for renewable diesel production, and by presenting information with more relevant metrics. To determine whether algae are a viable source for renewable diesel, three questions that must be answered are (1) how much renewable diesel can be produced from algae, (2) what is the financial cost of production, and (3) what is the energy ratio of production? To help accurately answer these questions, we propose an analytical framework and associated nomenclature system for characterizing renewable diesel production from algae. The three production pathways discussed in this study are the transesterification of extracted algal lipids, thermochemical conversion of algal biomass, and conversion of secreted algal oils. The nomenclature system is initially presented from a top-level perspective that is applicable to all production pathways for renewable diesel from algae. Then, the nomenclature is expanded to characterize the production of renewable diesel (specifically, biodiesel) from extracted algal lipids in detail (cf. Appendix 2). The analytical framework uses the presented nomenclature system and includes three main principles: using appropriate reporting metrics, using symbolic notation to represent unknown values, and presenting results that are specific to algal species, growth conditions, and product composition.

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Sustainable Energy: Choosing Among Options [Book Review]

Cited by 93 publications

References 0 publications

Heat pumps in subarctic areas: current status and benefits of use in Iceland

Heat pumps in subarctic areas: current status and benefits of use in Iceland

Assessment of biomass energy resources potential in Pakistan for power generation

A Framework to Report the Production of Renewable Diesel from Algae

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