“…[114], there are four main aspects driving M&A: (i) geographic diversification, which is in line with internationalization trends [3], (ii) business diversification, (iii) balance sheet strengthening, and (iv) innovation into new lines of business, particularly digital innovation. Focused on inbound innovation [14], analyzed 756 boundary-spanning transactions, i.e., M&A, joint ventures, and strategic alliances of European utilities (including electricity utilities) from 1990 to 2019. The authors found that utilities have preference for integrating new activities through M&A, assuming they can reinforce the "efficiency and lock-in of their traditional business model" [14], p. 1.…”