“…As a result, the influence of carbon emissions on operational management has recently begun to garner increased academic attention, with the reduction of carbon emissions emerging as a particular concern in inventory management. Consequently, there is now a substantial body of literature examining production and inventory models in the context of carbon emission reduction policies (see, for example, An et al [1], Dong et al [2], Fu et al [3], Hammami et al [4], Lu et al [5], Ma et al [6], Maulana et al [7], Mishra et al [8], Mubin et al [9], Sabzevar et al [10], Sarkar et al [11], Shi et al [12]). Dye and Yang [13], for instance, introduced an inventory system for perishable goods that incorporates a range of different carbon emission policies and accounts for the influence of trade credit risk.…”