Sustainable fabrication of 3D printing filament from recycled PET plastic

Nikam, Manoj; Pawar, Prasad; Patil, Ajinkya; Patil, Anuj; Mokal, Kalpesh; Jadhav, Sandhya

doi:10.1016/j.matpr.2023.08.205

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Conventional recycling was found to be less environmentally friendly when compared with distributed recycling, and the kg CO 2 equivalent per kg HDPE showed a substantial reduction of 89% in greenhouse gas emissions for distributed recycling compared to virgin material. Using recycled PET over PLA has been found to contribute to a more sustainable and eco-friendly 3D printing process [ 62 ].…”

Section: Sustainable 3d Printing: Process Optimization and Environmen...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the Potential of Recycled Polymers for 3D Printing Applications: A Review

Djonyabe Habiba,

Malça,

Branco

2024

Materials

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The integration of recycled polymers into additive manufacturing (AM) processes offers a promising opportunity for advancing sustainability within the manufacturing industry. This review paper summarizes existing research and developments related to the use of recycled materials in AM, focusing on distinct polymers, such as polylactic acid (PLA), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), among others. Key topics explored include the availability of recycled filaments on the market, challenges associated with material variability and traceability, and efforts toward establishing ethical product standards and sustainability characterization methodologies. Regulatory considerations and standards development by organizations such as ASTM and ISO are discussed, along with recommendations for future advancements in improving the sustainability of filament recycling and achieving net-zero emissions in AM processes. The collective efforts outlined in this paper underscore the potential of recycled polymers in AM to foster a more sustainable and environmentally friendly manufacturing industry.

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Section: Sustainable 3d Printing: Process Optimization and Environmen...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the Potential of Recycled Polymers for 3D Printing Applications: A Review

Djonyabe Habiba,

Malça,

Branco

2024

Materials

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“…This process involves the identification of plastic waste that can be utilised as 3D printing filaments, which requires the selection of specific types of plastic as a source material. Plastic waste can be classified into various categories based on their properties, such as thermoplastics and thermosetting plastics [43]. The aim of this study is to fabricate low-cost blended filaments; therefore, PC-PLA and virgin PLA plastics were selected.…”

Section: Preparation Of Raw Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Once the waste had been dried, it was cut into pieces that were not larger than 4 mm (between 2 mm and 4 mm) to facilitate its conversion into the intended form and dimensions for the subsequent stage of the procedure. It is essential to cut the waste into smaller pieces for the overall success of the process, which allows the efficient utilisation of recycled plastic in the production of 3D printing filaments [43]. Furthermore, they were then dried in two steps: first in an open atmosphere under hot sunlight (with an atmospheric temperature of 30 • C and humidity of 50%) for one day and then in a hot air oven at 80 • C for 12 h [44,45].…”

Section: Preparation Of Raw Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication and Characterisation of Sustainable 3D-Printed Parts Using Post-Consumer PLA Plastic and Virgin PLA Blends

Hasan,

Davies,

Paramanik

et al. 2024

Processes

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Sustainable manufacturing practices are becoming increasingly necessary due to the growing concerns regarding climate change and resource scarcity. Consequently, material recycling technologies have gradually become preferred over conventional processes. This study aimed to recycle waste polylactic acid (PLA) from household-disposed cups and lids to create 3D-printed parts and promote sustainable manufacturing practices. To achieve this, the current study utilised virgin and post-consumer PLA (PC-PLA) (sourced from household waste) blends. The PC-PLA wastes were shredded and sorted by size with the aid of a washing step, resulting in a filament with a 1.70 ± 0.5 mm diameter without fragmentation or dissolution. A 50:50 wt.% blend of virgin PLA (vPLA) and PC-PLA was selected as the standard recycling percentage based on previous research and resource conservation goals. The study investigated the impact of three 3D printing parameters (layer height (LH), infill density (I), and nozzle temperature (NT)) on the quality of 3D-printed parts using a three-level L9 Taguchi orthogonal array. The findings revealed that blending PC-PLA with vPLA led to significant improvements in tensile, flexural, and impact strengths by 18.40%, 8%, and 9.15%, respectively, compared to those of recycled PLA (rPLA). This conclusion was supported by the investigation of the fracture surface area, which revealed fractographic features associated with printing parameters, such as plastic deformation and interfilament debonding. An ANOVA analysis revealed a positive influence of a greater layer height and high nozzle temperature on mechanical properties. Subsequently, the optimal printing parameters (LH: 0.3 mm, I: 100%, and NT: 215 °C) were determined using the S/N ratio, and a confirmation test using the optimum printing parameters exhibited a strong correlation with the statistically predicted outcomes. Finally, the study used optimum printing parameters to fabricate 100% PC-PLA 3D-printed parts, demonstrating their potential for low-strength applications. The findings suggest that employing vPLA and PC-PLA blended filaments for fabricating 3D-printed components presents an effective means of promoting plastic recycling within a closed-loop recycling system and achieving a circular economy.

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“…El plástico PET (tereftalato de polietileno), es un material con mucho potencial para ser reciclado indefinidamente para no generar más contaminación (Nisticò, 2020). Otro uso interesante del PET reciclado es la obtención de filamentos para impresoras 3D, lo que ayudaría aún más a este fin (Nikam et al, 2023); sumado a que existen iniciativas de rescate de juguetes dañados o incompletos, a los cuales, mediante impresión en 3D se les puede prolongar la vida útil (DAGOMA, s. f.). También hay empresas que reciclan envases plásticos de leche para crear juguetes seguros, contribuyendo a reducir la huella de carbono (Green Toys, 2024) (Figura 4).…”

Section: Reutilización De Moldes Partes Y Valor De Juego: Más Diversi...unclassified

Cuatro Rs en La Industria Del Juguete

Collantes-González

2024

rea

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El plástico es la principal materia prima ocupada en la confección de juguetes, lo cual a su vez ha contribuido con la investigación, desarrollo e innovación (I+D+i) en este sector. Sin embargo, avances científicos han puesto en evidencia las complicaciones para la salud humana y el ambiente, derivadas de la utilización de ciertos materiales plásticos; lo cual obliga a que empresas reconocidas en la industria juguetera, para poder mantenerse vigentes, asuman retos en materia de procesos eficientes y amigables con el ambiente, normativas ambientales y metas de producción que ocupen materiales no contaminantes (reciclados, reciclables o biodegradables). El presente trabajo tuvo por objetivo desarrollar una revisión sistemática sobre cómo el principio de las cuatro R (reducir, reusar, reciclar y rechazar), logra ser implementado por los principales fabricantes, a la vez que deja de manifiesto los desafíos presentes y futuros en esta industria. Para ello, se consultaron 36 referencias relacionadas con la temática. Como principales conclusiones, se tiene que las cuatro R son aplicables en la industria del juguete, mediante innovaciones tecnológicas orientadas hacia el consumo responsable, la mitigación ambiental y desarrollo comunitario, pero persisten retos importantes en materia de sostenibilidad.

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Sustainable fabrication of 3D printing filament from recycled PET plastic

Cited by 11 publications

References 10 publications

Exploring the Potential of Recycled Polymers for 3D Printing Applications: A Review

Exploring the Potential of Recycled Polymers for 3D Printing Applications: A Review

Fabrication and Characterisation of Sustainable 3D-Printed Parts Using Post-Consumer PLA Plastic and Virgin PLA Blends

Cuatro Rs en La Industria Del Juguete

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