Sustainable fabrication of polypropylene-postconsumer cotton composite materials: circularity, characterization, mechanical testing, and tribology

Hussain, Abrar; Podgursky, Vitali; Goljandin, Dmitri; Antonov, Maksim; Viljus, Mart; Krasnou, Illia

doi:10.1016/j.mtsust.2023.100344

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 94 publications

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“…Figure 5 a shows that the yield strength of pure PCL specimens was around 13.9–14.5 MPa, which aligns with commercial PCL (CAPA6800) (yield strength of 14–16 MPa) [ 48 ]. The strength was significantly increased (around 15.8–20.6%) when 10% wool was included with PCL, regardless of the fibre fineness [ 49 ]. A further increase in wool loading, i.e., 20%, slightly reduced the yield strength, which became more evident with the coarser wool fibre (W24-20).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Material Extrusion of Wool Waste/Polycaprolactone with Improved Tensile Strength and Biodegradation

Haque,

Naebe

2023

Polymers

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Additive manufacturing (AM) through material extrusion (MEX) is becoming increasingly popular worldwide due to its simple, sustainable and safe technique of material preparation, with minimal waste generation. This user-friendly technique is currently extensively used in diverse industries and household applications. Recently, there has been increasing attention on polycaprolactone (PCL)-based composites in MEX due to their improved biodegradability. These composites can be printed at a lower temperature, making them more energy efficient compared to commercial filaments such as acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) and polylactic acid (PLA). Although wool is the leading protein fibre in the world and can be more compatible with PCL due to its inherent hydrophobicity, the suitability of MEX using a wool/PCL combination has not been reported previously. In the current study, waste wool/PCL composite parts were printed using the MEX technique, and rheology, thermal and tensile properties, and morphology were analysed. The impact of wool loading (10% and 20%) was investigated in relation to different filling patterns (concentric, rectilinear and gyroid). Furthermore, the impact of fibre fineness on the final material produced through MEX was investigated for the first time using two types of wool fibres with diameters of 16 µm and 24 µm. The yield strength and modulus of PCL increased with the inclusion of 10% wool, although the elongation was reduced. The crystallinity of the composites was found to be reduced with wool inclusion, though the melting point of PCL remained mostly unchanged with 10% wool inclusion, indicating better compatibility. Good miscibility and uniform structure were observed with the inclusion of 10% wool, as evidenced by rheology and morphology analysis. The impact of fibre fineness was mostly minor, though wool/PCL composites showed improved thermal stability with finer diameter of wool fibres. The printed specimens exhibited an increasing rate of biodegradation in marine water, which was correlated to the amount of wool present. Overall, the results demonstrate the practical applicability of the wool/PCL composition in MEX for the preparation of varied objects, such as containers, toys and other household and industrial items. Using wool/PCL combinations as regular plastics would provide a significant environmental advantage over the non-degradable polymers that are currently used for these purposes.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Material Extrusion of Wool Waste/Polycaprolactone with Improved Tensile Strength and Biodegradation

Haque,

Naebe

2023

Polymers

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“…Hussain et al (2022) measured the hardness and friction coefficient values of waste cotton, which they added to polypropylene in different weight ratios. It has been observed that as the cotton ratio increases, the hardness and friction coefficient values of the composite material increase [31]. Narlıoğlu et al (2018) added larch sawdust to the polypropylene matrix and examined the mechanical properties of the composite material.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Usability of Pine Sawdust and Cotton Together as Filler in Recycled Polypropylene Composites

İlyas Kartal,

Hilal Selimoğlu

2024

IJCESEN

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The use of natural fillers in polymers is a common method used to improve the properties of polymers. Natural fillers can be of plant or animal origin and provide several advantages over polymers. Although natural fillers are mostly used to reduce costs, they also affect other thermal, mechanical and physical properties. The use of natural fillers in polymers is a way to develop a sustainable and environmentally friendly material. Natural fillers are derived from renewable resources and their production requires less energy and resources than the production of synthetic fillers. Wood sawdust is a waste material that occurs extensively in the wood processing industry. Its easy-to-apply nature makes it an ideal choice for a variety of applications. In this study, waste pine wood sawdust was used as filler in the composite. Along with sawdust, waste cotton was also added to the composite. Recycled Polypropylene was preferred as the matrix material. Composite samples were prepared with extrusion and injection molding methods. Melt flow rate (MFI),density, Izod impact strength tests of the samples were performed. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images taken from the broken surfaces were analyzed. As a result of the study, it was evaluated that pine sawdust and waste cotton would be used in polypropylene-based composite applications.

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Flexible production of three-dimensional biocomposite from cotton micro-dust waste and sand blend through a novel combination of molten salt hydrate and sodium L-glutamate salt

Natarajan,

Arnepalli,

Krishnan

2024

Iran Polym J

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Sustainable fabrication of polypropylene-postconsumer cotton composite materials: circularity, characterization, mechanical testing, and tribology

Cited by 5 publications

References 94 publications

Material Extrusion of Wool Waste/Polycaprolactone with Improved Tensile Strength and Biodegradation

Material Extrusion of Wool Waste/Polycaprolactone with Improved Tensile Strength and Biodegradation

Usability of Pine Sawdust and Cotton Together as Filler in Recycled Polypropylene Composites

Flexible production of three-dimensional biocomposite from cotton micro-dust waste and sand blend through a novel combination of molten salt hydrate and sodium L-glutamate salt

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