Sustainable hydrogen production from oil palm derived wastes through autothermal operation of supercritical water gasification system

Ruya, Petric Marc; Lim, Siew Shee; Purwadi, Ronny; Zunita, Megawati

doi:10.1016/j.energy.2020.118280

Cited by 36 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Another work by Kamarden et al 19 reported a simulation model based on Aspen Plus for integrated palm oil processes involving milling refining and oleochemical production. Apart from these limited works on the modelling of palm oil refining processes, more recent modelling works are mostly reported for the utilisation of palm biomass, for example, for the production of biofuel 20,21 and biohydrogen 22,23 . It can be seen that there is a clear lack of literature on the modelling of physical refining processes, which is a key step for edible oil production.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An integrated simulation–optimisation approach for free fatty acid removal in palm oil deodorisation process

Tan

Foo

Lakshmanan³

2021

Asia-Pacific J Chem Eng

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Deodorisation is the key process to produce high‐quality refined, bleached and deodorised palm oil (RBDPO) in a palm oil refinery. In this work, an integrated simulation–optimisation approach was adopted for the analysis of a deodorisation process in an operating palm oil refinery. The process includes a deodoriser unit that removes free fatty acids (FFA) from bleached palm oil (BPO), and a vacuum scrubber utilising palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD) to reduce the FFA content entering the vacuum system. Being a proprietary technology, deodoriser is not found in the standard models of commercial simulation software. Approximation was made in simulation, with results compared to plant data. Detailed analyses showed that the reduction of FFA content relies on deodorisation temperature and pressure, stripping steam flowrate, as well as the temperature and flowrate of PFAD entering the vacuum scrubber. An optimisation model was solved to maximise profit from the deodorisation. Results showed that the FFA content entering the vacuum system is reduced significantly by 49.7%, leading to higher recovery of FFA in PFAD and lower loss into the condenser section. Applying the optimum values to the refinery has resulted in FFA levels greater than 91.2% in PFAD and RBDPO yield improvement of 0.5%.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An integrated simulation–optimisation approach for free fatty acid removal in palm oil deodorisation process

Tan

Foo

Lakshmanan³

2021

Asia-Pacific J Chem Eng

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“…The ATR system comprises different components such as a preheated section of methane (natural gas), a reactor, heat recovery section, and gas separation unit. The reforming of methane by steam takes place inside the autothermal reactor, where a mixture of methane along with oxygen is fed inside the reactor . Further, in the combustion zone, a partial oxidation reaction takes place, and products formed then pass through a catalyst bed.…”

Section: Natural Gas Flaring Utilization Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Developments in Natural Gas Flaring Reduction and Reformation to Energy-Efficient Fuels: A Review

Mansoor

Tahir

2021

Energy Fuels

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Annually billions of cubic meters of natural gas are flared around the globe at various oil and gas production sites. Natural gas flaring practices waste valuable energy resources that can be used for economic support and will also be beneficial to mitigate global warming effects. In this review, an overview of natural gas flaring impacts with respect to the environment with special emphasis on global annual natural gas flaring emissions and their reformation to energy-efficient fuels has been discussed. Initially, natural gas flaring emissions and their impacts in view of environmental pollution and global warming effects have been highlighted. The strategies to mitigate wastage to valuable energy resources through various flaring management strategies are also evaluated. In the main stream, various gas flaring reductions and utilization technologies based on their applications in the oil and gas industry and especially for remote oil and gas fields are discussed. Liquified natural gas (LNG) and compressed natural gas (CNG) technologies have been identified as the main gas flaring reduction methods based on their applicability, commerciality, and economical potential. In addition, gas to liquid (GTL) has been an advancing technology for the past many years toward its utilization of methane as a feed and converting it to useful industrial products such as synthesis crude and methanol. Finally, reformation technologies for synthesis gas (syngas) production such as thermal reforming, plasma reforming, and photoreforming are deliberated. Based on feed gas mixture, different reforming processes such as steam reforming of methane (SRM), dry reforming of methane (DRM), and bi-reforming of methane (BRM) are evaluated for hydrogen-rich syngas production. The future perspectives regarding gas flaring utilization technologies advancement with further improvements in utilization of flared gas to efficient energy fuels are proposed.

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“…The depletion of fossil fuel reserves and their emissions give environmental impact, therefore require lawmakers to prioritize renewable green energy [1]- [3]. One of the material alternatives that can be used to produce energy is biomass.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advance of glucose conversion to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural using ionic liquid: mini review

Zunita

Yuan

Laksono

2022

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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Biomass has been used as a raw material to replace fossil fuel due to its abundance and renewability in recent years. The majority of biomass consists of carbohydrates such as glucose and fructose. The conversion of glucose into its derivative (i.e., 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF)) opens several spaces to be studied. However, the yield of HMF is still low due to its ease of degradation into by-products and the difficulty of product separation. Therefore, ionic liquid (IL) is used as a solvent or media to avoid HMF degradation, which has high thermal stability, low toxicity, an un-flammable, wide range of solubility, physical and chemical stability. In addition, IL is recyclable, has good performance at dissolving biomass, and can act as a catalyst. Many important aspects of glucose conversion into HMF in IL as a media and catalyst can be deeply developed and investigated regarding conversion yield, which is affected by different ILs used, and conversion time. This review paper will discuss a detailed summary of the development of glucose conversion into HMF using IL.

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Sustainable hydrogen production from oil palm derived wastes through autothermal operation of supercritical water gasification system

Cited by 36 publications

References 44 publications

An integrated simulation–optimisation approach for free fatty acid removal in palm oil deodorisation process

An integrated simulation–optimisation approach for free fatty acid removal in palm oil deodorisation process

Recent Developments in Natural Gas Flaring Reduction and Reformation to Energy-Efficient Fuels: A Review

Advance of glucose conversion to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural using ionic liquid: mini review

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