Sustainable Improvement of Bentonite Clay Characteristics by Adding Pulverized Waste Glass

Abstract

Bentonite clay is the soil that undergoes high volume changes (swelling) when its moisture content increases. The soil swelling may cause structural damage leading to damage to structural members like cracking in reinforced foundations and borders, curbs swelling, and eventually produces deformation indoors and on floors. In this study, Bentonite clay with expansive characteristics was used and mixed with various amounts of Pulverized waste glass PWG (0%, 5%, 10%, and 15%). Two types of PWG were prepared: fine glass (passing sieve No. 200) and coarse glass (passing sieve No. 2 mm). Laboratory experiments were performed on Bentonite specimens blended with different amounts of PWG. The results showed that the addition of 15% by Bentonite weight of 2 mm of PWG reduces the Atterberg limits considerably. Moreover, a noticeable reduction was observed in the Bentonite samples' free swell and swelling pressure after being treated with different amounts of PWG. The observed advantages of adding the PWG to Bentonite clay soil by decreasing the volume changes and enhancing the overall properties of Bentonite clay reflect the suitability of using PGW as a good soil stabilizer. Besides reducing the impact of waste glass on the environment due to its non-biodegradable nature.

Vibration Test of a High-Rise Monolithic Building

“…The conducted discussion indicates that vibration tests are currently relevant among specialists [21][22][23][24]. Most authors pay attention to the possibility of improving the process of study of high-rise monolithic constructions; this approach is the most effective among others [25][26][27].…”

Sustainable use of soda lime glass powder (SLGP) in expansive soil stabilization

“…Filler particles of the SLGP (nanoscale-600 µm) can be used in yielding high strength concretes with improved performance and lower production costs [46]. When combined in the soil, the SLGP's inert chemical compounds can resist the effects of climate change without being impacted themselves [37,47]. Due to the favorable mechanical and thermal properties of these compounds, their use in the treatment of ES is practical.…”

“…Glass waste is particularly harmful because it does not decompose [41]. Various chemical compounds make up the SLGP which are inert and degrade very slowly hence rendering them non-biodegradable [37,47] When combined with an alkali, the silica and alumina in the SLGP form a geopolymer that improves the UCS-ES. Recycled Soil stabilization using a geopolymer derived from the SLGP is highly efficacious [31].…”