Sustainable Ketjenblack‐Based Carbon Ink for 3D Extrusion Micro‐Printing to Fabricate Flexible Supercapacitors

Gellrich, Christin; Bräuniger, Yannik; Schmidt, Ralf; Grothe, Julia; Kaskel, Stefan

doi:10.1002/batt.202300469

Batteries & Supercaps

2023

DOI: 10.1002/batt.202300469

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Sustainable Ketjenblack‐Based Carbon Ink for 3D Extrusion Micro‐Printing to Fabricate Flexible Supercapacitors

Christin Gellrich,

Yannik Bräuniger,

Ralf Schmidt

et al.

Abstract: A sustainable carbon ink highly suitable for 3D extrusion printing for well‐defined, flexible in‐plane all‐solid‐state micro‐supercapacitors (MSC) is presented. By using ethylcellulose as binder and cyrene as solvent the ink contains only non‐toxic and biodegradable ingredients and is therefore a great alternative to inks typically composed of binders like PTFE or PVDF and toxic solvents like NMP or DMF. The MSCs show high areal capacitances of up to 13.41 mF cm‐2 and 35.10 F cm‐3 for 5 mV s‐1 as well as excel… Show more

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2024

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Cited by 4 publications

References 56 publications

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A Precursor‐Derived Ultramicroporous Carbon for Printing Iontronic Logic Gates and Super‐Varactors

Gellrich,

Shupletsov,

Galek

et al. 2024

Advanced Materials

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We present a liquid precursor for 3D printing ultramicroporous carbons (pore width < 0.7 nm) to create a novel in‐plane capacitive‐analogue of semiconductor‐based diodes (CAPodes). This proof‐of‐concept integrates functional EDLCs into microstructured iontronic devices. The working principle is based on selective ion‐sieving, controlling the size of the electrolyte ions and the nanoporous sieving carbon's pore size. By blocking bulky electrolyte ions from entering the sub‐nanometer pores, a unidirectional charging characteristic with controllable ion flux is achieved, leading to diodic U‐I characteristics with high rectification ratio. The liquid precursor approach enables successful printing of miniaturized in‐plane CAPodes. A combination of inkjet and extrusion printing techniques with suitable inks was explored to fabricate electrode materials with engineered porosity. Deliberate fine‐tuning of the ultramicroporous carbon's porosity and surface area was achieved using a customized carbon precursor and CO2 etching techniques. Electrochemical evaluation of the printed CAPodes demonstrated successful miniaturization compared with macroscopic film assembly. 3D manufacturing and miniaturization allow for the integration of CAPodes into logic gate circuits (OR, AND). For the first time, these switchable devices are used as variable capacitors in a high‐pass filter application, adjusting the cut‐off frequency of applied alternating voltage analogous to an I‐MOS varactor.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved

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A Precursor‐Derived Ultramicroporous Carbon for Printing Iontronic Logic Gates and Super‐Varactors

Gellrich,

Shupletsov,

Galek

et al. 2024

Advanced Materials

Self Cite

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Water‐Based Activated Carbon Ink for Printed Flexible Biodegradable Supercapacitors

Sharma,

Kandregula,

Koshy

et al. 2024

Advanced Sustainable Systems

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Flexible and printed supercapacitors (SCs) have emerged as reliable power sources for wearable and portable electronics. However, developing these SCs as sustainable and eco‐benign, with high electrochemical performance, remains a challenge. Herein, scalable fabrication of SCs is demonstrated by formulating an activated carbon (AC) printable ink for the direct ink writing (DIW) of SCs. A water‐based ink is prepared using a bio‐degradable cellulose‐based, sodium carboxymethylcellulose (Na CMC), binder replacing the typically used fluorinated binders, which are not environmentally friendly. Na CMC provides a stable ink dispersion with added mechanical and chemical stability to the printed SCs. The AC‐Na CMC electrode produced 127.8 mF cm−2 of specific capacitance. This AC‐Na CMC ink is used to develop fully printed film‐SCs and micro‐SCs (m‐SCs). The m‐SC is fabricated with a printing resolution of 150 µm on photo paper. Using DIW enables scalable production, which is demonstrated by printing an array of m‐SCs to power a micro‐LED. The printed m‐SC also demonstrates high mechanical flexibility, retaining 89.6% of its original capacitance at a bending angle of 90⁰. Na CMC as binder and photopaper as the substrate results in the production of biodegradable SCs extending their applicability to the field of transient electronics.

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Scalable Fabrication of Flexible Supercapacitor Electrodes Using Sustainable Water‐Based Onion‐like Carbon Inks

Bauer,

Neff,

Day

et al. 2024

Batteries & Supercaps

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The increasing usage of electrical energy storage solutions demands for cost effective, scalable and sustainable manufacturing technologies. Deposition of functional inks, carrying electrochemically active materials is a suitable technique as it delivers material with selected properties only to required locations. However, the production of stable dispersions featuring high concentrations of active material ‐ necessary for effective deposition ‐ is challenging. Here we present an approach to print supercapacitor electrodes with onion‐like carbon as active material, using a simple, cost‐effective process as well as a water‐based ink. The ink is highly stable and can be deposited by spray and inkjet techniques. The fabricated electrodes offer a capacitance of up to 14 mF cm‐2 (27 F g‐1) and retained 97% of their initial capacitance after 5000 cycles, demonstrating excellent performance and stability of the coating.

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Sustainable Ketjenblack‐Based Carbon Ink for 3D Extrusion Micro‐Printing to Fabricate Flexible Supercapacitors

Cited by 4 publications

References 56 publications

A Precursor‐Derived Ultramicroporous Carbon for Printing Iontronic Logic Gates and Super‐Varactors

A Precursor‐Derived Ultramicroporous Carbon for Printing Iontronic Logic Gates and Super‐Varactors

Water‐Based Activated Carbon Ink for Printed Flexible Biodegradable Supercapacitors

Scalable Fabrication of Flexible Supercapacitor Electrodes Using Sustainable Water‐Based Onion‐like Carbon Inks

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