Sustainable leather alternatives: High-performance and dyeable bio-based materials from fungal chitin and tannic acid

Zhang, Fengteng; Fu, Gentao; Liu, Hai; Wang, Chunhua; Zhou, Jiajing; Ngai, To; Lin, Wei

doi:10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122800

Carbohydrate Polymers

2025

DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122800

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Sustainable leather alternatives: High-performance and dyeable bio-based materials from fungal chitin and tannic acid

Fengteng Zhang,

Gentao Fu,

Hai Liu

et al.

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Leather Waste Hydrolysation, Carbonization, and Microbial Treatment for Nitrogen Recovery by Ryegrass Cultivation

Kuligowski,

Skrzypczak,

Mikula

et al. 2024

Materials

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Leather waste contains up to 10% nitrogen (N); thus, combustion or gasification only for the energy recovery would not be rational, if safety standards are met. On the other hand, the chromium (Cr) content exceeding 5% in half of the waste stream (w/w) is too significant to be applied in agriculture. In this work, four acid hydrolysates from leather waste shavings, both wet-white free of Cr and wet-blue with Cr, were used: two with a mixture of acids and supplemented with Cu, Mn, and Zn, and the other two as semi-products from collagen extraction using hydrochloric acid. Additionally wet-green leather waste shavings, e.g., impregnated with olive extract, were used followed by the two treatments: amendment with a biochar from “wet white” leather waste shavings and amendment with this biochar incubated with the commercial phosphorus stimulating microbial consortia BactoFos. They were applied as organic nitrogen-based fertilizers in a glasshouse experiment, consisting of 4–5 subsequent harvests every 30 days, under spring–autumn conditions in northern Poland. Biochar-amended wet-greens provided the highest nitrogen use efficiencies, exceeding 100% after 4 months of growth (for 20 kg N/ha) and varying from 17% to 37% in particular months. This is backed up by another parameter (relative agronomic effectiveness) that for these materials exceeded 150% for a single month and in total was around 33%. Biochar amendments significantly increased agronomic parameters for wet-greens, and their microbial treatment enhanced them even further. Recycling this type of waste can replace inorganic fertilizers, reducing greenhouse gas emissions and carbon footprint.

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Leather Waste Hydrolysation, Carbonization, and Microbial Treatment for Nitrogen Recovery by Ryegrass Cultivation

Kuligowski,

Skrzypczak,

Mikula

et al. 2024

Materials

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Sustainable leather alternatives: High-performance and dyeable bio-based materials from fungal chitin and tannic acid

Cited by 1 publication

References 42 publications

Leather Waste Hydrolysation, Carbonization, and Microbial Treatment for Nitrogen Recovery by Ryegrass Cultivation

Leather Waste Hydrolysation, Carbonization, and Microbial Treatment for Nitrogen Recovery by Ryegrass Cultivation

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