Sustainable Living with Environmental Risks

Abstract

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An Integrated GIS Method – The Influence of Human Activities on Shoreline Change in Western Indian Small Island States: A Two Centuries Analysis of Urban West Unguja - Zanzibar Shoreline

“…Coastal zones especially small islands are places where many people would like to visit, invest and enjoy, thus why human major projects have been developed, small island areas, and ecosystem services are among the major economic driving factors [1]- [3] for development. In many countries, cities are allocated along the coast [4] which are the most populated places in the world holding high population density [5]. Historically, coastal zones were most used before the invention and advancement of space and air transport development.…”

“…Although coral and limestone islands have natural protection along the shore, the continuous wave processes over a long time, sea-level rise, monsoon winds, and other human activities like tourism influence the dynamic process of either accretion or retreat/erosion [8], [11], [12]. On one side it could be considered social and economic development [3] however, on another side, there are many impacts on ecology and environment [5], [13], [14] due to the anthropogenic. The shoreline of Small Island States has been originally changing over time like any other coast however when there is over interaction with human activities causes excess use of resources to interfere with the shoreline systems and processes [13], [15].…”

Evaluación de la concentración parcelaria en estepas cerealistas desde la perspectiva de la ecología del paisaje y la mitigación de gases de efecto invernadero. Recomendaciones de diseño en las diferentes fases del proceso.

“…Estos mapas ASCII con todos los usos del suelo se han generado con una resolución de tamaño de píxel de 1 metro de lado (excepto para la determinación del parámetro NP, número de parches, que se ha empleado un tamaño de píxel de 2 metros de lado 43 ). Con el objetivo de convertir, con la mayor precisión y fiabilidad, los elementos seminaturales lineales y de menor tamaño, se ha escogido un tamaño de celda menor que la anchura del elemento más estrecho del paisaje 44 . Finalmente, al combinar la extensión del área objeto de análisis (134,86 km 2 ) con la alta resolución escogida (píxel de 1 m de lado) se generó una matriz de 12.440 píxeles de ancho y 17.630 píxeles de largo.…”

“…Se emplearon celdas de 1 metro de lado en el cálculo de todas las métricas del paisaje, con la excepción del parámetro NP, donde se constató que para su determinación era suficiente con emplear la resolución de píxeles de 2 metros de lado 44. No obstante, podría haberse perdido algún elemento de dimensiones aún más reducidas.…”