Sustainable Medicines and Global Health Care

Cordell, Geoffrey A.

doi:10.1055/s-0030-1270731

Cited by 87 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…The sophisticated traditional systems of medicine, especially from India and China extensively use plants and herbs for human healthcare and these systems of medicine have documented the use of various plants derived and/or natural products for medicinal use. The plant-based systems continue to play an important role in human healthcare and it has been estimated by World Health Organization that approximately 80 % of the world's inhabitants rely mainly on traditional systems for their primary healthcare [1]. The botanicals have provided many important generic molecules that have been used in the treatment of several human diseases including cancer in modern medicine [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isoquinoline Alkaloid Berberine Exerts its Antineoplastic Activity by Inducing Molecular DNA Damage in HeLa Cells: A Comet Assay Study

Ch¹,

Jagetia²,

Rao³

2014

Biol Med (Aligarh)

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Molecular damage of DNA plays an important role in the cell killing and several anti-neoplastic agents exert their cytotoxic effects by inducing DNA damage in the cancer cells. DNA damaging effect of various concentrations of berberine chloride (BCL), an isoquinoline alkaloid was studied in HeLa cells by alkaline comet assay. The DNA damage has been expressed as olive tail moment (OTM). Incubation of HeLa cells with BCL for 4 h showed greater amount of DNA damage (OTM) than 2 h treatment. BCL treatment caused a concentration dependent rise in the DNA damage in HeLa cells and exposure of HeLa cells with 1 µg/ml BCL caused a10 fold rise in baseline DNA damage, whereasa maximum rise in DNA damage was observed in HeLa cells exposed to 8 µg/ml BCL. The study of DNA repair kinetics at different BCL post-treatment times revealed a constant rise in the DNA damage in BCL treated cells up to 24 h except for 1 -4 µg/ml BCL, where the highest DNA damage was observed at 12 h post-BCL treatment. The clonogenic assay showed that BCL treatment resulted in a concentration dependent rise in its cell killing effect. The cell survival and molecular DNA damage in HeLa cells treated with BCL has an inverse correlation indicating that with increased DNA damage cell survival declined. Our study demonstrates that anti-neoplastic effect of BCL is mainly due to its ability to cause damage to the cellular genome.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isoquinoline Alkaloid Berberine Exerts its Antineoplastic Activity by Inducing Molecular DNA Damage in HeLa Cells: A Comet Assay Study

Ch¹,

Jagetia²,

Rao³

2014

Biol Med (Aligarh)

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“…According to Pandey & Das (2013), Hall & Bawa (1993), sustainable harvesting can be defined as collection or harvest of resources in such a way that it does not led to long term decline of these resources, thereby maintaining its potential to meet the need and aspirations of future generations. However, according to Farnsworth et al (1985), Cordell (2011), twenty-five years ago until now, a WHO-associated group provided a frequently cited guesstimate that 80 % of the population in the developing world relies on plants for their primary health care. As the natural resources for these medicinal agents become scarcer, and because of the long-term public health requirement of relying on plant-based traditional medicines, this strategically important number merits rigorous scientific determination on a global basis in order that more accurate assessments of continuing resource need can be made for future health care.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These bark species make significant contributions to livelihoods and economies, such that if their abundance or supply is jeopardized, it can have measurable repercussions on the well-being of local communities and households (Shackleton, 2015). In regard to these bark multiple uses and values, posing a threat of resource overexploitation and depletion, valuable efforts have been made to establish good quality assurance and standardization (WHO, 2004;Kasilo et al, 2010;Cordell, 2011, Kunle et al, 2012van Damme & Delvaux, 2012;Pandey & Das, 2013), as well as specific guidelines for sustainable bark harvesting Costa et al, 2015;Geldenhuys et al, 2007;Delvaux et al, 2009;Baldauf & dos Santos, 2014;Guedje, 2014;Mariot et al, 2014). However, as stated by Cunningham (2014a), methods of studying bark use and production are poorly known and rarely taught.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strategies towards sustainable bark sourcing as raw material for plant-based drug development: a case study on <i>Garcinia lucida</i> tree species

Guedje¹,

Tchamou²

2017

J. App. Bioscience.

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Guedje et Tchamou., J. Appl. Biosci. 2017 Strategies towards sustainable bark sourcing as raw material for plant-based drug development: a case study on Garcinia lucida tree species 11513Journal of Applied Biosciences 115: 11502-11512 ISSN 1997-5902 Strategies towards sustainable bark sourcing as raw material for plant-based drug development: a case study on Garcinia lucida tree species ABSTRACT Objectives: To appraise the amount of sustainable bark stripped and time to complete bark recovery as basis for sourcing of raw materials for plant-based drugs Methodology and Results: A two-year experiment was conducted and several local harvest practices were tested on Garcinia lucida (named Essok in Boulou language). For each harvest method, 20 healthy trees were selected and harvested. Tree health was monitored every month and the total bark regrowth was calculated using planimetric techniques. The mean bark mass was 2.54 kg/tree (range, 0.5-15 kg/tree; SD, 2.40; n=80) and increased with bark thickness, ranging from 1.28 kg tree -1 (0.4-0.8 cm thin) to 4.38 kg tree -1 (1.2 -1.8 cm thick). The mean rate of bark regeneration was 787±601 cm²/tree/year (range, 452±166-1870±1042 cm²/tree/yr; n=53) and positively correlated to harvest method (p < 0.01) and surface debarked (p < 0.05).Standard Deviation values were higher, suggesting that each tree had its proper bark growth rate patterns, and that bark regrowth process may be tree-specific and strongly correlated to intrinsic factors. Conclusions and application of findings: Peeling off pieces of bark using a machete and debarking over 1/3 of the stem circumference at breast height, once every 3 years for small trees or every 5 years for large trees, has been found to be the best harvest method for G. lucida species. This is to tackle the challenge of availability of raw material and harvest sustainability. As the increased trade and processing of bark has shifted from subsistence use to large-scale commercial use, posing a threat to supply of raw material and species conservation, sustainable harvesting methods should constitute important tools of the guidelines on good collection practices for medicinal plants that would help to ensure safety and quality at the first and most important stage of the harvest of medicinal plants. This study has provided information on the species-specific bark harvest prescriptions to assist in developing such guidelines, thereby promoting the processing and trade of the most valued medicinal species for plant-based drug development in Africa.

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“…In many cases, when a plant becomes commercialized as a herbal medicine or when one of its constituents starts getting used as a pharmaceutical drug, its populations become threatened due to extensive wildcrafting and unsustainable harvesting techniques (Cordell, 2011;Vines, 2004). The classical example for this compound supply problem was the socalled "taxol supply crisis" (Cragg et al, 1993;Kingston, 2011).…”

Section: Challenges Contributing To the Decline Of Plant-derived Natumentioning

confidence: 99%

Discovery and resupply of pharmacologically active plant-derived natural products: A review

2015

Draw Science

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Medicinal plants have historically proven their value as a source of molecules with therapeutic potential, and nowadays still represent an important pool for the identification of novel drug leads. In the past decades, pharmaceutical industry focused mainly on libraries of synthetic compounds as drug discovery source. They are comparably easy to produce and resupply, and demonstrate good compatibility with established high throughput screening (HTS) platforms. However, at the same time there has been a declining trend in the number of new drugs reaching the market, raising renewed scientific interest in drug discovery from natural sources, despite of its known challenges. In this survey, a brief outline of historical development is provided together with a comprehensive overview of used approaches and recent developments relevant to plant-derived natural product drug discovery. Associated challenges and major strengths of natural product- Europe PMC Funders Author ManuscriptsEurope PMC Funders Author Manuscripts based drug discovery are critically discussed. A snapshot of the advanced plant-derived natural products that are currently in actively recruiting clinical trials is also presented. Importantly, the transition of a natural compound from a "screening hit" through a "drug lead" to a "marketed drug" is associated with increasingly challenging demands for compound amount, which often cannot be met by re-isolation from the respective plant sources. In this regard, existing alternatives for resupply are also discussed, including different biotechnology approaches and total organic synthesis.While the intrinsic complexity of natural product-based drug discovery necessitates highly integrated interdisciplinary approaches, the reviewed scientific developments, recent technological advances, and research trends clearly indicate that natural products will be among the most important sources of new drugs also in the future.

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Sustainable Medicines and Global Health Care

Cited by 87 publications

References 42 publications

Isoquinoline Alkaloid Berberine Exerts its Antineoplastic Activity by Inducing Molecular DNA Damage in HeLa Cells: A Comet Assay Study

Isoquinoline Alkaloid Berberine Exerts its Antineoplastic Activity by Inducing Molecular DNA Damage in HeLa Cells: A Comet Assay Study

Strategies towards sustainable bark sourcing as raw material for plant-based drug development: a case study on <i>Garcinia lucida</i> tree species

Discovery and resupply of pharmacologically active plant-derived natural products: A review

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