Sustainable NO<sub><i>x</i></sub> production from air in pulsed plasma: elucidating the chemistry behind the low energy consumption

Vervloessem, Elise; Gorbanev, Yury; Nikiforov, Anton; Degeyter, Nathalie; Bogaerts, Annemie

doi:10.1039/d1gc02762j

Cited by 64 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…However, at the moment it is not straightforward how to increase the pressure while maintaining non‐equilibrium in the plasma. Indeed, the vibrational non‐equilibrium plays a crucial role in the low energy consumption [45] . Although in theory increased pressure would improve the energy consumption, this would also thermalize and constrict the plasma, quenching the vibrational non‐equilibrium.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Indeed, the vibrational non-equilibrium plays a crucial role in the low energy consumption. [45] Although in theory increased pressure would improve the energy consumption, this would also thermalize and constrict the plasma, quenching the vibrational non-equilibrium.…”

Section: Energy Cost and Installation Cost Of Ammonia Production With...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The resulting absorbed plasma power (expressed in energy consumed per s, or W) was only 0.1 W. The detailed power calculation is described in recent publications. [9,45] We emphasize that the EC reported in this work was calculated based specifically on the power absorbed in plasma, which is the standard approach in plasma research. [45,48] This means the displacement current during the pulse was not considered.…”

Section: Experimental Section Plasma No X Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[9,45] We emphasize that the EC reported in this work was calculated based specifically on the power absorbed in plasma, which is the standard approach in plasma research. [45,48] This means the displacement current during the pulse was not considered.…”

Section: Experimental Section Plasma No X Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Energy‐Efficient Small‐Scale Ammonia Synthesis Process with Plasma‐Enabled Nitrogen Oxidation and Catalytic Reduction of Adsorbed NO_x

et al. 2022

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Industrial ammonia production without CO 2 emission and with low energy consumption is one of the technological grand challenges of this age. Current Haber-Bosch ammonia mass production processes work with a thermally activated iron catalyst needing high pressure. The need for large volumes of hydrogen gas and the continuous operation mode render electrification of Haber-Bosch plants difficult to achieve. Electrochemical solutions at low pressure and temperature are faced with the problematic inertness of the nitrogen molecule on electrodes. Direct reduction of N 2 to ammonia is only possible with very reactive chemicals such as lithium metal, the regeneration of which is energy intensive. Here, the attractiveness of an oxidative route for N 2 activation was presented. N 2 conversion to NO x in a plasma reactor followed by reduction with H 2 on a heterogeneous catalyst at low pressure could be an energy-efficient option for small-scale distributed ammonia production with renewable electricity and without intrinsic CO 2 footprint.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Energy Cost and Installation Cost Of Ammonia Production With...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Experimental Section Plasma No X Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Experimental Section Plasma No X Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Energy‐Efficient Small‐Scale Ammonia Synthesis Process with Plasma‐Enabled Nitrogen Oxidation and Catalytic Reduction of Adsorbed NO_x

et al. 2022

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“…In addition, as in the successful example of NO x production by Vervloessem et al (2022) with a record-low energy consumption of 0.42 MJ (mol N) −1 , the application of pulse power may assist a significant reduction of energy requirement in ammonia synthesis as well by optimized vibrational–translational (V–T) non-equilibrium at a low reduced electric field E / N , which enhances the related chemical reaction but with minimized energy input. 8…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Green chemical pathway of plasma synthesis of ammonia from nitrogen and water: a comparative kinetic study with a N₂/H₂ system

et al. 2022

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Self‐Supported Catalytic Electrode of CoW/Co‐Foam Achieves Efficient Ammonia Synthesis at Ampere‐Level Current Density

Kang,

Yang,

Meng

et al. 2023

Advanced Energy Materials

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Conversion of air and water into valuable chemicals of ammonia (NH3) by plasma activation and electrochemical reduction is a promising approach to achieve zero carbon‐emission synthesis of NH3. However, designing highly efficient electrochemical catalysts is one of the key challenges in accomplishing this strategy. Herein, a self‐supported cobalt–tungsten alloy supported on cobalt foam (CoW/CF) is developed via a simple and efficient method at room temperature. Surprisingly, the catalyst exhibits ultra‐high NH3 partial current density (1559 mA cm−2), superior NH3 yield rate (164.3 mg h−1 cm−2), and high Faradaic efficiency (98.1%) under the condition of 0.2 M nitrate/nitrite, outperforming most of the reported values of electrosynthesis of NH3 to the knowledge. The introduction of W makes the Co atom surface electron deficient, which can enhance the adsorption of NOx− and mitigate the excessive bonding of hydroxyl radicals (OH*) generated during nitrite (NO2*) hydrogenation, thereby reducing the energy barrier of the potential‐determining step. More interestingly, a scale‐up reaction system is established, achieving an NH3 yield rate of 4.771 g h−1 and successfully converting the NH3 in solution into solid NH4Cl. The aforementioned progress significantly enhances the facilitation of NH3 electrosynthesis industrialization.

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Sustainable NO_x production from air in pulsed plasma: elucidating the chemistry behind the low energy consumption

Abstract: N-based fertilisers are paramount to support our still-growing world population. Current industrial N2 fixation is heavily fossil fuel-dependent, therefore, a lot of work is put into the development of fossil-free...

Cited by 64 publications

References 58 publications

Energy‐Efficient Small‐Scale Ammonia Synthesis Process with Plasma‐Enabled Nitrogen Oxidation and Catalytic Reduction of Adsorbed NO_x

Energy‐Efficient Small‐Scale Ammonia Synthesis Process with Plasma‐Enabled Nitrogen Oxidation and Catalytic Reduction of Adsorbed NO_x

Green chemical pathway of plasma synthesis of ammonia from nitrogen and water: a comparative kinetic study with a N₂/H₂ system

Self‐Supported Catalytic Electrode of CoW/Co‐Foam Achieves Efficient Ammonia Synthesis at Ampere‐Level Current Density

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Sustainable NOx production from air in pulsed plasma: elucidating the chemistry behind the low energy consumption

Abstract: N-based fertilisers are paramount to support our still-growing world population. Current industrial N2 fixation is heavily fossil fuel-dependent, therefore, a lot of work is put into the development of fossil-free...

Cited by 64 publications

References 58 publications

Energy‐Efficient Small‐Scale Ammonia Synthesis Process with Plasma‐Enabled Nitrogen Oxidation and Catalytic Reduction of Adsorbed NOx

Energy‐Efficient Small‐Scale Ammonia Synthesis Process with Plasma‐Enabled Nitrogen Oxidation and Catalytic Reduction of Adsorbed NOx

Green chemical pathway of plasma synthesis of ammonia from nitrogen and water: a comparative kinetic study with a N2/H2 system

Self‐Supported Catalytic Electrode of CoW/Co‐Foam Achieves Efficient Ammonia Synthesis at Ampere‐Level Current Density

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Product

Resources

About

Sustainable NO_x production from air in pulsed plasma: elucidating the chemistry behind the low energy consumption

Energy‐Efficient Small‐Scale Ammonia Synthesis Process with Plasma‐Enabled Nitrogen Oxidation and Catalytic Reduction of Adsorbed NO_x

Energy‐Efficient Small‐Scale Ammonia Synthesis Process with Plasma‐Enabled Nitrogen Oxidation and Catalytic Reduction of Adsorbed NO_x

Green chemical pathway of plasma synthesis of ammonia from nitrogen and water: a comparative kinetic study with a N₂/H₂ system