Sustainable phosphorous management in two different soil series of Pakistan by evaluating dynamics of phosphatic fertilizer source

Abstract

Phosphorous (P) plays the prominent role to promote the plants storage functions and structural roles, as it is recognized as a vital component of ADP, ATP, Cell wall as well as a part of DNA. Soils acts as the sink to supply P to plants because soil pH and its physical condition are the main factor which regulate the solubility and availability P element. Phosphorus is not deficient in Pakistani soils but its availability to plants is the serious matter of concern. A pot experiment was conducted to evaluate P dynamics in two different soil series of Pakistan (Bahawalpur and Lyallpur) using Maize as test crop. The treatments applied were T0: Control (without any fertilizer), T1: Recommended DAP @648 mg pot −1 , T2: Half dose DAP @324 mg pot −1 , T3: Recommended rate of TSP @900 mg pot −1 , T4: Half dose TSP @450 mg pot −1 . Soil analysis showed that Bahawalpur soil has sandy clay loam texture with 33% clay and Lyallpur series has sandy loam texture with 15.5% clay; furthermore, these soil contain 4.6 and 2.12% CaCO 3 respectively. Results showed an increase in P concentration in roots (23 mg kg −1 ) with the application of half dose of TSP in Lyallpur series and lowest in Bahawalpur series (14.6 mg kg −1 ) at recommended dose of DAP. Concentration of P in shoots responded the same; increase at half dose of TSP (16.7 mg kg −1 ) and lowest at full dose of DAP in Bahawalpur series as (15.58 mg kg −1 ). Adsorbed P (17 mg kg −1 ) was recorded highest in Bahawalpur soil with more clay amount in pot with DAP application but lower in Lyallpur soil series (14 mg kg −1 ) with the application of applied TSP. The PUE was recorded highest in Lyallpur series with the application of half dose of TSP and it was 61% more than control and was Highest in Bahawalpur series was with the application of recommended dose of DAP is 72% more than control treatment. On estimation; results showed that applied sources made an increase in P availability than control, but TSP gave better P uptake than DAP unless of rates applied. Soil of Lyallpur series showed better uptake of P and response to applied fertilizers than Bahawalpur series which showed more adsorption of P by high clay and CaCO 3 amount. Conclusively, the study suggested that soil series play a crucial role in choosing fertilizer source for field application.

Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria improve growth and yield related attributes of chili under low nitrogen availability

“…Nitrogen (N), phosphorous (P) and potassium (K) are the important mineral nutrients for the optimum growth and production of plants in commercial agricultural systems [ 1 ]. Nitrogen supports plant foliage to develop resilience against stresses, whereas P aids the development of flowers and roots [ 2 , 3 ]. Similarly, K is necessary for overall plant fitness.…”

“…Therefore, addition of nutrients to the soils is necessary for profitable crop production and fulfilling dietary needs of rapidly growing global population [ 6 ]. However, a limited quantity of the applied nutrients is taken by crop plants, while the remaining undergo various kinds of losses [ 2 , 3 ]. For example, agricultural soils have higher amounts of organic and inorganic P; however, its significant proportion is in unavailable [ 7 ] as cations in the soil react with P and immobilize it by forming insoluble compounds [ 8 ].…”

“…After N, P is one of the most important elements playing key roles in energy transfer, signal transduction, biosynthesis of macromolecules, respiration and photosynthesis [ 3 ]. The P is found in soil in organic and inorganic forms.…”

Effectiveness of compost inoculated with phosphate solubilizing bacteria

“…It also performs an important role in the plant photosynthesis, glycolysis, respiration, formation of cell membrane and enzyme activities (Borgi et al, 2020). Most part of the Pakistani soils are calcareous (CaCO 3 >3.0%) and alkaline (pH >7.0) in nature and alkaline pH (7–9) of soil encourage P and calcium (Ca) to form insoluble di‐calcium phosphate and tri‐calcium phosphate with high fixation capacity (Aimen et al, 2022). The reactivity of P with some metals such as aluminium (Al), calcium (Ca) and iron (Fe) precipitates almost 90% of the P in the soil and only a small amount of P is accessible to plant (0.1% of the all P) while the rest of agricultural soil remain P deficient (Rezakhani et al, 2019).…”

Impact of Phosphorous and Zinc Levels on the Productivity of Green Gram (Vigna radiate L.)

“…Fertilizers management is one of the important factors for improving the growth and yield of mung-bean (Ali et al, 2019;Iqbal et al, 2021;Ullah et al, 2020). Phosphorous is an essential component of ADP, ATP, the cell wall, and DNA and plays a key role in promoting plants storage and structural activities (Aimen et al, 2021). P is an important element that significantly affects plant growth and metabolism (Amanullah et al, 2022;Sadiq et al, 2017;Bashir et al, 2011) and is a component of DNA and RNA, involved in cell division (Brady and Weil, 2004).…”