Sustainable Polymers: Opportunities for the Next Decade

Miller, Stephen A.

doi:10.1021/mz400207g

Cited by 345 publications

(287 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…rubbery polyester | block copolymer | biobased production | mevalonate pathway P olymeric materials account for nearly $400 billion in economic activity annually and represent the third largest manufacturing industry in the United States (1). Currently petroleum-derived polymers-for example polyethylene, polystyrene, and polyvinylchloride-dominate this market.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Whereas there has been steady scientific progress toward the production of synthetic polymers from renewable resources, the fraction of high-performing, biobased, degradable polymers on the market is today minuscule (1). Arguably the most successful example to date is poly(lactide) (PLA), a compostable aliphatic polyester derived from the fermentation product lactic acid.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Scalable production of mechanically tunable block polymers from sugar

Xiong¹,

Schneiderman

Bates³

et al. 2014

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

171

205

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Significance In recent years there has been extensive research toward the development of sustainable polymeric materials. However, environmentally benign, bioderived polymers still represent a woefully small fraction of plastics and elastomers on the market today. To displace the widely useful oil-based polymers that currently dominate the industry, a bioderived synthetic polymer must be both cost and performance competitive. In this paper we address this challenge by combining the efficient bioproduction of β-methyl-δ-valerolactone with controlled polymerization techniques to produce economically viable block polymer materials with mechanical properties akin to commercially available thermoplastics and elastomers.

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confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Scalable production of mechanically tunable block polymers from sugar

Xiong¹,

Schneiderman

Bates³

et al. 2014

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

171

205

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“…This compound is readily available and is prepared through the reaction between pentaerythritol and acrolein, which are respectively made from methanol and formaldehyde [29] and the dehydration of glycerol [30]. A sustainable production pathway for pentaerythritol can be hypothesized once the feedstocks would be sourced from bio-methanol [29,31], which is already claimed by Perstorp [32].…”

Section: Contents Lists Available At Sciencedirectmentioning

confidence: 99%

Renewable thermoplastic polyurethanes containing rigid spiroacetal moieties

Lingier

Espeel

Suárez

et al. 2015

European Polymer Journal

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a b s t r a c tUnprecedented polyurethanes with rigid spiroacetal linkages in the backbone were synthesized from renewable resource compounds. First, the large-scale synthesis of a rigid diol monomer containing acetal bonds was established. Subsequently, this diol monomer was combined with seven different diisocyanates to vary the backbone of thermoplastic polyurethanes, leading to a spectrum of chemical and physical properties. The molar masses of the polymers ranged from 8 to 45 kDa and the corresponding polymers were obtained in high yields. DSC and DMTA analysis demonstrated glass transition temperatures up to 85°C. Acid-mediated degradation of the materials was not noticed during hydrolytic stability tests.

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“…Due to its resemblance to petrochemical polymers, PLA is utilized in the medical field, packaging, and microelectronics [5][6][7][8][9]. It is a biodegradable and biocompatible aliphatic polyester that can be produced from renewable raw materials such as corn and sugar beets [3,4,[6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. PLA is produced by the ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of lactide, the dimer of lactic acid, using a metal-based catalyst system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reactivity of Zinc Halide Complexes Containing Camphor-Derived Guanidine Ligands with Technical rac-Lactide

et al. 2017

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Abstract:Three new zinc complexes with monoamine-guanidine hybridligands have been prepared, characterized by X-ray crystallography and NMR spectroscopy, and tested in the solvent-free ring-opening polymerization of rac-lactide. Initially the ligands were synthesized from camphoric acid to obtain TMGca and DMEGca and then reacted with zinc(II) halides to form zinc complexes. All complexes have a distorted tetrahedral coordination. They were utilized as catalysts in the solvent-free polymerization of technical rac-lactide at 150 • C. Colorless polylactide (PLA) can be produced and after 2 h conversion up to 60% was reached. Furthermore, one zinc chlorido complex was tested with different qualities of lactide (technical and recrystallized) and with/without the addition of benzyl alcohol as a co-initiator. The kinetics were monitored by in situ FT-IR or 1 H NMR spectroscopy. All kinetic measurements show first-order behavior with respect to lactide. The influence of the chiral complexes on the stereocontrol of PLA was examined. Moreover, with MALDI-ToF measurements the end-group of the obtained polymer was determined. DFT and NBO calculations give further insight into the coordination properties. All in all, these systems are robust against impurities and water in the lactide monomer and show great catalytic activity in the ROP of lactide.

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Sustainable Polymers: Opportunities for the Next Decade

Cited by 345 publications

References 37 publications

Scalable production of mechanically tunable block polymers from sugar

Scalable production of mechanically tunable block polymers from sugar

Renewable thermoplastic polyurethanes containing rigid spiroacetal moieties

Reactivity of Zinc Halide Complexes Containing Camphor-Derived Guanidine Ligands with Technical rac-Lactide

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