Sustainable recovery of rare earth elements by recycling of E-waste for a circular economy

Balaram, V.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-22069-2.00023-1

Environmental Materials and Waste 2024

DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-443-22069-2.00023-1

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Sustainable recovery of rare earth elements by recycling of E-waste for a circular economy

V. Balaram

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2024

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Cited by 3 publications

References 91 publications

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Land and marine sedimentary deposits as potential sources of lithium

Balaram,

Armstrong-Altrin,

Khan

et al. 2024

International Geology Review

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Land and marine sedimentary deposits as potential sources of lithium

Balaram,

Armstrong-Altrin,

Khan

et al. 2024

International Geology Review

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In‐use dissipation of technology‐critical elements from vehicles and renewable energy technologies in Vienna, Austria: A public health matter?

Baumgart,

Haluza,

Prohaska

et al. 2024

J of Industrial Ecology

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The rollout of electric vehicles and photovoltaic panels is essential to mitigate climate change. However, they depend on technology‐critical elements (TCEs), which can be harmful to human health and whose use is rapidly expanding, while recycling is lacking. While mining has received substantial attention, in‐use dissipation in urban areas has so far not been assessed, for example, corrosion and abrasion of vehicle components and weather‐related effects affecting thin‐film photovoltaic panels. Therefore, the question arises to which extent TCEs dissipate during use and which potential non‐occupational human health impacts could occur. We assessed the available information on urban in‐use dissipation and human health concerns and conducted exploratory modeling of in‐use technology stocks, in‐ and outflows, and in‐use dissipation of neodymium, dysprosium, lanthanum, praseodymium, cerium, gallium, germanium, and tellurium contained in 21 vehicle and renewable energy technologies, for Vienna, Austria. In prospective scenarios, TCE dynamics in a trend‐continuation vis à vis official city policy plans and a more ambitious transition scenario were then assessed. We find that electrifying the vehicle fleet without demand‐reduction is the main driver of TCE consumption, effectively doubling cumulative end‐of‐life outflows to 3,073 [2,452–3,966] t and cumulative in‐use dissipation to 9.3 [5.2–15.7] t by the year 2060. Sufficiency‐based measures could reduce demand and in‐use dissipation well below levels with continued trends, thus highlighting the need to combine decarbonization with demand‐reducing measures. These results help assess potential future in‐use dissipation dynamics and inform discussions about potential public health hazards associated with exposure to TCEs accumulating in the urban environment.

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Quantitative Assessment of Sustainable Supply Chain Practices Using Life Cycle and Economic Impact Analysis

Liu,

Costa,

2024

WJIMT

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Our study examines the environmental and economic outcomes of Apple's integration of sustainable practices within its global supply chain. The analysis reveals significant advancements in both areas,with a 35% reduction in overall waste generation,which equates to diverting over 200,000 metric tons of waste from landfills each year. Additionally,Apple achieved a 25% decrease in carbon emissions,amounting to an annual reduction of 1.2 million metric tons of CO2-equivalent emissions. On the economic front,the incorporation of recycled materials into the supply chain has resulted in annual cost savings of approximately $350 million,largely due to a 28% reduction in the procurement costs of essential materials like aluminum and copper. Moreover,the strategic modifications to production lines have yielded an average return on investment (ROI) of 20% per annum,alongside a 22% decrease in energy consumption per unit produced. These findings demonstrate the dual benefits of sustainability and economic efficiency,positioning Apple as a leader in sustainable supply chain practices. Our study concludes by recommending further research into the scalability of these initiatives across various industries and regions,as well as the development of supportive policy frameworks to encourage the broader adoption of sustainable practices.

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Sustainable recovery of rare earth elements by recycling of E-waste for a circular economy

Cited by 3 publications

References 91 publications

Land and marine sedimentary deposits as potential sources of lithium

Land and marine sedimentary deposits as potential sources of lithium

In‐use dissipation of technology‐critical elements from vehicles and renewable energy technologies in Vienna, Austria: A public health matter?

Quantitative Assessment of Sustainable Supply Chain Practices Using Life Cycle and Economic Impact Analysis

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